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American Animal Hospital Association;American Association of Feline Practitioners;AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines Task Force Members Hellyer P Rodan I Brunt J Downing R Hagedorn JE Robertson SA 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2007,43(5):235-248
Pain management in dogs and cats has undergone a dramatic evolution in the past decade. Current approaches focus on anticipation and prevention of pain, as well as both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management techniques. The veterinary team plays an essential role in educating pet owners about recognizing and managing pain in their pets. 相似文献
16.
Pille F Martens A Schouls LM Dewulf J Decostere A Vogelaers D Gasthuys F 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(1):73-78
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the accuracy of broad range 16S rRNA gene PCR compared to bacterial culture for the detection of synovial infection in horses. The study included 57 synovial fluid samples from horses with presumed synovial infection and a control group consisting of 31 synovial fluid samples originating from clinically normal horses and horses with aseptic synovial inflammation. All samples were analysed by 16S PCR with reverse line blot (RLB) hybridisation. Synovial fluid samples were cultured using conventional agar plate methods (APM) and/or blood culture medium (BCM). The results of the study showed a superior detection rate (89.5%) for 16S PCR with RLB. Bacterial culture had lower sensitivity, but highly acceptable detection rates (77.6%) were observed using BCM. APM had very low sensitivity (37.8%) and infection was never detected by plate isolation without positive incubation in BCM. The highest sensitivity (91.8%) for the detection of synovial infection was achieved when the results of incubation in BCM and 16S PCR were combined. For all the tests, the specificity was higher than 90%. 相似文献
17.
The question of what determines plant community composition is fundamental to the study of plant community ecology. We examined
the relative roles of historical land use, landscape context, and the biophysical environment as determinants of plant community
composition in regenerating citrus groves in north-central Florida. Results were interpreted in light of plant functional
traits. Herbaceous and woody plants responded differently to broad-scale variables; herbs correlated most strongly with surrounding
land cover at a scale of 8 km, while the only significant determinant of woody species distributions was local land use history.
There were significant correlations between herbaceous species and spatial context, habitat isolation, environmental variables,
and historical variables. Partial Mantel tests indicated that each variable provided a unique contribution in explaining some
of the variation in the herbaceous dataset. The correlation between woody plants and local historical variables remained significant
even with other effects corrected for. In the herbaceous community, species composition was linked to functional traits much
as expected from classical theory. While spatial influences in our study system are important for both woody and herbaceous
plants, the primary determinant of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves is historical land use. Our results
suggest that the fine-scale mechanisms of local competition, tolerance and facilitation invoked by many classical studies
may ultimately be less important than land use history in understanding current plant community composition in regenerating
agricultural areas. 相似文献
18.
Van der Plancken I Van Loey A Hendrickx M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(1):127-135
This article addresses the effect of moisture content (0.8-9.9%) during dry-heating (80 degrees C) on selected physicochemical (solubility, turbidity, residual denaturation enthalpy, aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, and sulfhydryl content) and functional (foaming ability, foam density, and stability) properties of freeze-dried egg white (FDEW). Moisture content during dry-heating proved to be a parameter determining the functionality of the resulting egg white powder. The degree of conformational changes induced in the egg white proteins by dry-heating was strongly dependent on the amount of water present. Preferentially, dry-heating at 80 degrees C should be performed on egg white powder with a moisture content below 6.8%, as the loss of protein solubility above this value is extensive. In addition to insoluble aggregates, soluble, strongly stabilized aggregates were also formed, especially at higher moisture contents. The decrease in denaturation enthalpy, increase in surface hydrophobicity, and exposure of SH groups previously hidden in the protein core and their subsequent oxidation were more pronounced at prolonged dry-heating times and at higher moisture contents. These conformational changes resulted in improved foaming ability and foams with lower density. No effect of dry-heating on the foam stability was observed. 相似文献
19.
Natalie D Mylniczenko Ann L Manharth Leigh Ann Clayton Rhonda Feinmehl Mitch Robbins 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(2):346-348
An adult, female Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the rostral mandible. Initial treatment included bilateral mandibulectomy rostral to the lingual frenulum followed by intra- and perilesional cisplatin injections. Recovery after the procedure was uneventful and the Malayan sun bear adapted well to a shortened mandible. Histopathology indicated incomplete surgical excision of the tumor; therefore, radiation therapy was instituted weekly for four treatments at 2 Gy in parallel opposed fields (total 4 Gy each treatment) with one additional cisplatin treatment. Two years after initial presentation, the animal showed no recurrence of neoplasia. 相似文献
20.
Carbendazim-resistant (RS) and control (CS) strains ofFusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., previously developed in our laboratory, were exposed to graded concentrations of azoxystrob in in broth media under
shake-culture conditions for 2, 3, 4 and 8 days. Azoxystrobin concentrations were 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg 1-1 broth and cultures were incubated at a constant 25°C. Mycelial growth was significantly affected by strain (P<0.01), azoxystrobin
concentration (P<0.001) and incubation time (P<0.001). Combined results for the four incubation times showed that CS yielded
higher mycelial mass than RS (P<0.01) only in the absence of azoxystrobin. At fungicide additions of 1, 10 and 100 mg P-1 mycelial growth was reduced (P<0.001) with minimal strain differences (P>0.05) at all three doses of azoxystrobin. Significant
(P<0.05 or better) strain-fungicide interactions were recorded in trichothecene production following exposure to azoxystrobin.
At 4 and 8 days of incubation, the 10 mg 1-1 addition of azoxystrobin stimulated T-2 toxin synthesis (P<0.05) only in RS cultures. In contrast, T-2 toxin enhancement
in CS cultures occurred only on day 8 but at a lower level of azoxystrobin (1 mg1-1). Thus, the stimulation of T-2 toxin synthesis depended upon strain and azoxystrobin level. Production of diocetoxyscirpenol
(DAS) was affected by a more complex set of interactions. Overall means showed that, in comparison with initial values (on
day 2 or 3), DAS output maximized significantly(P<0.05) on day 4 in RS cultures and on day 8 in CS. Marked strain effects were observed on exposure to the 10 mg 1-1 level of azoxystrobin. At this level, DAS production was enhanced in RS only after 4 (P<0.01 ) and 8 (P<0.05) days of incubation,
while in contrast, CS reduced DAS production. As with T-2 toxin, DAS production in CS was stimulated (P<0.05 or better) only
at low exposure levels of azoxystrobin. In the case of neosolaniol (NEO), however, the main effect of strain was significant
(P<0.05), with CS producing consistently more of the mycotoxin than RS on day 4 of the experiment. At this point, the NEO:T-2
toxin ratio was also higher in CS (0.63) than in RS (0.12), a feature reported by us previously. In conclusion, the present
investigation has shown for the first time that the development of resistance to one fungicide can affect trichothecene production
inF. sporotrichioides on exposure to a second fungicide. These results have been incorporated into a new classification scheme for fungicide efficacy
which is also presented in this paper.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 7,2001. 相似文献