韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白基因的克隆及光强度对其表达量影响

为明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga紫外敏感视蛋白基因Bo-uv的作用及其与趋光性的关系,利用常规PCR方法克隆获得Bo-uv基因的全长cDNA序列,分析了其敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白氨基酸序列之间的系统进化关系,运用qPCR技术检测了不同发育阶段、不同组织及不同光强度下Bo-uv基因的相对表达量。结果表明,Bo-uv基因cDNA全长2 757 bp,开放阅读框1 542 bp,编码514个氨基酸。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性为21.93%～43.00%,与橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的氨基酸序列同源性最高。Bo-uv基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊蛹末期、成虫期表达,在成虫头部的相对表达量较高。在0～10 000 lx光强范围内雌、雄成虫体内该基因的相对表达量均呈先增高后降低趋势。与对照相比,1 000 lx光强度下其相对表达量显著升高,10 000 lx时相对表达量显著降低。表明光强度能够有效地调控Bo-uv基因的表达,该基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊感知外界光刺激过程中具有重要作用。     

Clostridium butyricum as probiotic for promoting growth performance,feed utilization,gut health and microbiota community of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

The feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potentials of Clostridium butyricum in the diet of tilapia. Fish (~14 g) were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.5 (C‐1), 1 (C‐2), 2 (C‐3), 4 (C‐4) and 8 (C‐5) g/kg commercial probiotic‐containing C. butyricum (1.5 × 10⁸ CFU/g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain significantly increased, and feed conversion ratio decreased in the C‐2, C‐3 and C‐4 groups (p < .05). The protein retention (except C‐1 group), lipid retention and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter in probiotic supplementation groups were significantly enhanced, and ADC of protein in the C‐4 group was also improved (p < .05). The supplementation of probiotic significantly increased villus height in anterior intestines and reduced the numbers of intestinal Escherichia coli (p < .05). High‐throughput sequencing showed that top three phyla namely Planctomycetes in all probiotic‐containing groups, Proteobacteria in the C‐1 and C‐2 groups and Chloroflexi in the C‐3 group had higher level than the NC group. The cumulative mortality was reduced by dietary probiotic after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophila (p < .05). In conclusion, C. butyricum can be supplemented at 1–2 g/kg feed for promoting the growth, feed utilization, gut health and microbiota of tilapia.     

Effects of fish meal replaced by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) and soybean meal (SM) on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The basal diet contained 350 g/kg FM (CON), and then, FM was replaced with SM and FSM at the ratios of 30% and 60% (SM‐30, SM‐60, FSM‐30 and FSM‐60), respectively. The largemouth bass (4.43 ± 0.13 g) were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain of fish fed with FSM‐60 and SM‐60 diets was significantly lower, and feed conversion ratio of SM‐30, SM‐60 and FSM‐60 groups was significantly higher than the CON group (p < .05). The intestinal villus height of SM‐60 group and the villus width of SM‐60 and FSM‐60 group were significantly lower than the CON group (p < .05). The 30% FM replacement by SM and FSM significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Mycoplasma, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, FSM could replace 30% FM in diet without negative impacts on the growth performance of largemouth bass, while the SM should be controlled below 30%.     

近红外玉米品种鉴别系统预处理和波长选择方

以7个品种玉米籽粒的鉴别系统为研究对象,对比研究了6种预处理方法和波长选择对模型鉴别能力的影响.结果表明,在被比较的6种预处理方法中,一阶导数方法能够使模型有更好的鉴别性能.使用一阶导数预处理和全光谱区的模型平均正确识别率和正确拒识率最高,分别为98.6%和98%,有5个品种的模型的正确识别率和正确拒识率都达到了100%.波长选择对一阶导数模型没有明显作用,但能使标准正态变量变换和矢量归一化模型鉴别准确度得到较大提高.     

农产品检测的漫射近似传输模型

目前,农产品光学无损检测正成为一种新的检测手段.采用漫射近似传输模型对大量光子在样品中的传输进行计算分析,获得农产品样品中光分布规律信息:散射性越强的介质,其光信号同侧检测越明显;同时看到光信号在2mm内急速衰减,而光纤正可以成为合适的探针.这些工作为合理设计无损检测的光探测器提供了理论依据.     

小型复式谷物清选机的研制

小型复式谷物清选机的研制是在市场有大量需求的前提下进行的.该机配用动力是1.5kW的单相交流电动机,机架的宽度尺寸是根据地排车下盘的尺寸和筛体的宽度尺寸确定的,筛选振频为420 Hz,振幅为6 mm,风机转速为910 r/min.该机主要待改进的部分是仓门由手动调节改为自动调节.     

若干拦河闸下游河道水位降低的消能问题及改造研究

拦河闸下游河床下切、河道水位下降,会造成其下游消能工无法正常运行,需采取相应的工程措施解决。本文根据广东省流溪河大坳拦河闸、东江水利枢纽左河汊拦河闸、乌石拦河闸、潮州供水枢纽西溪拦河闸等四座拦河闸下游消能工除险加固的水力模型试验成果,介绍了拦河闸下游河道水位下降后的下游消能工改造优化方案及运行情况,供类似工程设计和运行参考。     

沙蒿多糖组合制剂对滩羊羔羊瘤胃菌群多样性的影响

本试验旨在研究沙蒿多糖不同组合制剂对滩羊羔羊瘤胃菌群多样性的影响.选择健康、体重相近的断奶滩羊公羔60只,按体重随机分为4个组,每组15只羊.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加5.5 g/d沙蒿多糖+5.5 g/d包被丁酸钠、5.5 g/d沙蒿多糖+5.5 g/d丁酸甘油酯和5.5...     

水稻根表铁膜对磷的富集作用及其与水稻磷吸收的关系

采用溶液培养方法,使铁毒耐性不同的两个基因型水稻根表分别形成有铁膜和无铁膜的根系,研究水稻根表铁膜对磷的富集作用及其与水稻磷吸收的关系。不同基因型水稻根表形成的铁膜厚度存在显著差异,对介质中磷的富集能力也有显著差异。根表形成的铁膜越厚,对介质中磷的富集作用也越大,即根表铁膜数量与铁膜对磷的富集量呈显著正相关。铁膜对磷的富集作用是一个化学过程,吸附可在0.5~1.0 h内达到饱和。根表铁膜明显促进水稻对磷的吸收,表明在淹水降低土壤磷有效性时,水稻根表铁膜富集的磷可作为磷库,保证水稻能正常吸收利用磷。