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41.
Changes in muscle fiber type and expression of mRNA of myosin heavy chain isoforms in porcine muscle during pre‐ and postnatal development
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Masaya Katsumata Tomomi Yamaguchi Aiko Ishida Akane Ashihara 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):364-371
The purpose of this study is to elucidate developmental changes in muscle fiber type in the pig during pre‐ and postnatal development. For this purpose, we performed a histochemical analysis for myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity to assess muscle fiber type and determined abundances of messenger RNA (mRNA) of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Samples of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken from fetuses on day 90 of the fetal stage. Further, samples of LD, Rhomboideus and Biceps femoris (B. femoris) muscles were taken from pigs when they were 1, 12, 26, 45 or 75 days old. Expression of MHC 2b mRNA in the LD and the B. femoris muscles rapidly and considerably increased from the late fetal stage to the early postnatal stage and this increase was associated with the development of type 2b fibers at least in the LD muscle. As shown by the rapid and considerable changes in expression of MHC 2b mRNA, it seems that a certain plasticity of muscle fiber type still remains in this developmental stage. 相似文献
42.
Milking performance evaluation and factors affecting milking claw vacuum levels with flow simulator
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Masafumi Enokidani Kazuhiro Kawai Yasunori Shinozuka Aiko Watanabe 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1134-1140
Milking performance of milking machines that matches the production capability of dairy cows is important in reducing the risk of mastitis, particularly in high‐producing cows. This study used a simulated milking device to examine the milking performance of the milking system of 73 dairy farms and to analyze the factors affecting claw vacuum. Mean claw vacuum and range of fluctuation of claw vacuum (claw vacuum range) were measured at three different flow rates: 5.7, 7.6 and 8.7 kg/min. At the highest flow rate, only 16 farms (21.9%) met both standards of mean claw vacuum ≥35 kPa and claw vacuum range ≤ 7 kPa, showing that milking systems currently have poor milking performance. The factors affecting mean claw vacuum were claw type, milk‐meter and vacuum shut‐off device; the factor affecting claw vacuum range was claw type. Examination of the milking performance of the milking system using a simulated milking device allows an examination of the performance that can cope with high producing cows, indicating the possibility of reducing the risk of mastitis caused by inappropriate claw vacuum. 相似文献
43.
Toru Kondo Eiichi Chu Koji Kageyama Satoru Sugiyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(5):370-373
Stem canker and severe wilt were observed on delphinium plants (Delphinium elatum) in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, in 2008. The fungus isolated from the diseased crown was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. delphinii on the basis of morphological characteristics, nucleotide sequences, and host range. The isolate induced similar stem canker and wilt symptoms in inoculated delphinium plants. We propose the name “stem canker and wilt” for the disease. 相似文献
44.
Sugiyama A Kimura H Ogawa S Yokota K Takeuchi T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(5):673-678
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of polyphenols from seed shells of Japanese horse chestnut (JHP) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal injury in rats. MTX application caused intestinal morphological injury and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, decrease in levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in small intestine. However, oral administration of JHP ameliorated MTX-induced intestinal injury and inhibited the increase in MDA and the decrease in GSH and GSH-Px activity in small intestine. In conclusion, our results indicated that oral administration of JHP alleviated MTX-induced intestinal injury through its antioxidant properties. 相似文献
45.
Onda K Sugiyama M Niho K Sato R Arai S Kaneko K Ito S Muto M Suganuma T Wakao Y Wada Y 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(6):667-669
This study investigated the long-term survival of a calf with cervical ectopia cordis that grew normally, became pregnant, and calved normally. The cow showed normal cardiac function and absence of peripheral circulation abnormalities. This paper documents antemortem characteristics of the affected cow. 相似文献
46.
Sano S Sugiyama K Ito T Katano Y Ishihata A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):6209-6213
Piceatannol is present in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds in high amounts. In this study, we isolated the second major polyphenolic compound of passion fruit seeds and identified it as scirpusin B, which is a dimer of piceatannol. We investigated the antioxidant activities and vasorelaxing effects of these polyphenols. Their antioxidant effects were measured using an in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and their vasorelaxant effects were determined ex vivo in rat thoracic aorta. Both polyphenolic compounds exhibited potent antioxidant activities and significant vasorelaxant effects in endothelium-intact aortas. More specifically, scirpusin B exerted a greater antioxidant activity and vasorelaxant effect compared with that of piceatannol. Additionally, the vasorelaxation effects of the compounds were induced via the NO derived from the endothelium. This study provides the possibility that polyphenols in passion fruit seeds are effective against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). 相似文献
47.
Yasuyuki Abe Tomoyoshi Asano Ichiko Wakasa Aiko Kume Sakimi Yokozawa Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji Hiroshi Suzuki 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(11):1548-1553
Although useful spermatozoa cryopreservation techniques have been established, long-term equilibration seems to be required before freezing the spermatozoa of many species, including dogs. The fertility of cryopreserved dog spermatozoa from five males for a reduced equilibration period (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min) in a skim milk (SM)-based extender containing raffinose was evaluated in the present study. When the sperm was diluted with the extender at room temperature (RT) and cryopreserved without equilibration, the proportion of total motile spermatozoa (TMS) after thawing was lower (27%) than when the sperm was equilibrated for 30 min (33%), 60 min (32%), 120 min (44%; p < .05) or 180 min (29%). The proportion of TMS increased as the equilibration time increased and peaked at 120 min. Acrosome integrity was significantly lower in the cryopreserved spermatozoa that had not undergone the initial equilibration than in the equilibrated spermatozoa (p < .05). The normal rate of acrosomes increased with the extension of the first equilibration and peaked at 120 min. When frozen–thawed spermatozoa that had been diluted at RT and subjected to an initial equilibration lasting 60 or 180 min were transcervically inseminated into recipients, there were no differences in the delivery rate, litter size or breeding efficiency. In the cryopreservation of canine spermatozoa using a SM-based extender, even if the initial equilibration time was shortened to 60 min, the results were comparable to those obtained when the conventional method (with an initial equilibration time of 180 min) was used. 相似文献
48.
Blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei Reade cv. Tifblue) and Citrus natsudaidai Hayata were compared in terms of their ability to regulate the uptake of ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N). Plants of both species were grown in N‐free nutrient solutions for three days and then transferred to nutrient solutions that contained various concentrations of NH4‐N. Blueberry plants showed increases in rates of uptake of NH4‐N 8 to 24 h after application of NH4‐N. At concentrations of NH4‐N above 200 (μM, uptake rates decreased to the initial value 24 h after application of NH4‐N and then increased. By contrast, seedlings of Citrus natsudaidai showed constant rates of uptake of NH4‐N during the experiment. These results indicate that blueberry plants are able to repress the uptake of NH4‐N periodically when they are exposed to high concentrations of external NH4‐N, but not seedlings of Citrus natsudaidai. 相似文献
49.
Potassium is a macronutrient still shrouded in mystery despite considerable effort to elucidate its role in the plant growth. Many investigators have demonstrated that a high carbohydrate content in the plant is associated with a love potassium content. Among them, WALL showed using tomato plants that this high carbohydrate content in plants with love potassium characterized the first stage of potassium deficiency (1). 相似文献
50.
Application of the amount of oxygen consumption to the investigation of the oxidation mechanism of lignin during oxygen-alkali treatment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Aiko Imai Iori Tomoda Tomoya Yokoyama Yuji Matsumoto Gyosuke Meshitsuka Guolin Tong 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(1):62-67
The dioxygen consumption by kraft lignin and several lignin model compounds during oxygen-alkali treatments were directly
analyzed using a dioxygen fl owmeter. The average dioxygen consumption by 200 g of kraft lignin was about 3 moles. Because
this value was as much as those obtained for monomeric phenolic lignin model compounds, guaiacol and vanillyl alcohol, it
was postulated that not only phenolic but also nonphenolic moieties in kraft lignin are extensively oxidized. The dioxygen
consumption by 0.5 moles (one equivalent of aromatic units) of a dimeric lignin model compound, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl
ether (GG), was also similar to that for 1 mole of guaiacol and vanillyl alcohol, regardless of the type of the aromatic moiety,
which supports the above postulation. The most plausible mechanism for the oxidation of nonphenolic moieties is the oxidation
of side chains of residual β-O-4 substructures by active oxygen species. By this mechanism, nonphenolic moieties in kraft lignin and GG are converted into
corresponding phenolic moieties, and the oxidation by dioxygen progresses.
Part of this article was presented at the 13th International Symposium on Wood, Fiber, and Pulping Chemistry (13th ISWFPC),
Auckland, New Zealand, May 2005 相似文献