河北省主推番茄品种抗黄化曲叶病鉴定与筛选初报

采用田间自然鉴定方法对河北省42个番茄生产主推品种进行抗番茄黄化曲叶病鉴定。结果表明,‘迪芬尼’、‘74 589’、‘佳西娜’、‘格利’、‘74 587’、‘荷兰6号’、‘Ty204’等7个品种田间表现明显抗番茄黄化曲叶病,发病率分别为0、0、0、1.35%、1.32%、0、1.76%。其余35个品种田间均表现明显感病,发病率最高的品种为‘鲁寿巨粉’,发病率达到99.22%,各品种发病率差异显著。     

夏秋季设施番茄绿色防控必须走好前三步

夏秋季设施番茄生产中，健康保障性绿 色防控技术成败的关键在前三步，从维护幼苗 健壮和提高植株自身抗性入手，抓住茎基腐 病、病毒病和传毒媒介昆虫等主要病虫害防治 的关键节点，帮助番茄顺利度过高温高湿和强 光照季节。     

半干旱区注水补灌对西葫芦产量及经济效益的影响

为最大限度地提高水分利用率,对半干旱区全膜双垄沟播种植西葫芦进行不同生长时期的注水补灌试验。结果表明:进行注水补灌后,西葫芦667 m~2增产14.07%~26.24%、增收536.55~984.17元,产量随着注水补灌次数增加而增加,以初瓜期+盛瓜期+中后期注水处理的产量最高(4 784.77 kg),净收益以初瓜期+盛瓜期注水处理的最好(5 532.58元)。     

玉米不同生育期接种玉米矮花叶病毒后对种子带毒率和寄主抗 …

在严格防虫网室和温室内,分别在抗、感、耐３个玉米自交系的苗期、拔节期、大喇叭口期和抽雄孕穗期接种玉米矮花叶病毒（ＭＤＭＶ）,测定所结种子的带毒率。结果表明,３个自交系对ＭＤＭＶ接种感染后的种子带毒率有明显差异,黄野四－３（Ｒ）,７９２２（Ｓ）和８１５１５（Ｔ）的平均种子带毒率依次为０,１．６５％和０。从苗期到抽雄孕穗期,其中７９２２病株率分别为１００％,１００％,６３．６％和１０．１％;病情指数分     

玉米不同生育期接种玉米矮花叶病毒后对种子带毒率和寄主抗性水平的影响

在严格防虫网室和温室内,分别在抗、感、耐3个玉米自交系的苗期、拔节期、大喇叭口期和抽雄孕稳期接种玉米矮花叶病毒（MDMV）,测定所结种子的带毒率。结果表明,3个自交系对MDMV接种感染后的种子带毒率有明显差异,黄野四-3（R）,7922（S）和81515（T）的平均种子带毒率依次为0,1.65％和0。从苗期到抽雄孕穗期,其中7922病株率分别为100％,100％,63.6％和10.1％;病情指数分别为95.6,82.4,63.6,11.1;种子带毒率分别为2.3％,15％,3.3％和0.78％。不同生育期接种MDMV对玉米的抗病性影响为玉米苗龄越小,抗病毒能力越弱,反之越强。     

种衣剂包衣处理对玉米矮花叶病传毒介体的防治效果

通过室内和田间试验研究了含高效杀虫剂吡虫啉的种衣剂Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号对玉米矮花叶病传毒介体的防治效果。结果表明,两种种衣剂包衣处理均对传毒介体麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)具有较高防效,残效期可达40d 以上;蚜虫高峰期对无翅蚜和蚜虫总量具有明显的控制作用,种衣剂处理较对照蚜虫总量可减少23.12%～68.18%。     

塑料大棚青花菜高产优质栽培技术

<正>冀中南地区3—4月气温较低,利用青花菜耐低温的特点开展塑料大棚栽培,一方面可以降低早春季节大棚蔬菜低温灾害风险,管理难度小,节省人工成本;另一方面可以优化种植结构,缓解土壤连作障碍,提高经济效益。塑料大棚是河北省中南部地区常见的蔬菜栽培设施,主要种植西瓜、番茄、黄瓜、菠菜、甘蓝、     

纹杆块与钉齿组合式轴流玉米脱粒滚筒的设计与试验

为解决黄淮海地区玉米直接进行籽粒收获破碎率和未脱净率高的问题,该文在分析现有脱粒滚筒结构特点的基础上,设计了组合式轴流玉米脱粒滚筒,选取滚筒转速、滚筒倾角和凹板间隙为试验因素,在自制的玉米脱粒试验台上进行了单因素试验和正交试验,并运用SAS统计分析软件对试验结果进行了分析。单因素试验结果表明:随着滚筒转速的增大,籽粒破碎率先降低后升高,未脱净率则急剧减小并趋于稳定;随着滚筒倾角的增大,籽粒破碎率和未脱净率则逐渐变小;随着凹板间隙的增大,籽粒破碎率先降低后升高,未脱净率先升高后降低并趋于稳定。正交试验结果表明:影响籽粒破碎率和未脱净率的主次因素顺序均为滚筒转速、滚筒倾角、凹板间隙,且转速430 r/min、滚筒倾角6?和凹板间隙55 mm时籽粒破碎率和未脱净率均最低。该研究可为高含水率玉米脱粒滚筒的设计提供参考。     

玉米抗粗缩病遗传及分子标记研究

Maize rough dwarf disease caused by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by planthopper in China. Identification and development of resistant hybrids are complicated because of the inconsistencies in viral disease pressure every year. Marker-assisted selection can provide means for main-taining virus resistance alleles even in the absence of disease. In this paper a F₂ segregation population was constructed to identity the molecular markers linked to the resistance gene using a cross between a resistant and a susceptible parents (Qi319×Ye107). Fifteen-day-old seedlings of F₂ population were exposed to small brown planthoppers carrying RBSDV for 3 days in specific inoculation chamber. The inoculated plants were transplanted to screenhouse after removing the insects completely. In plant maturity stage the disease resistance of all the individuals were visually assessed. The results showed that 17, 8, 11, 51 and 122 plants were scaled from 0-4 respectively, in which 0 means no symptoms and 4 represents highly susceptible. Chi-square test demonstrated that the segregation ratio of phenotype was 1∶15 (resistant: susceptible) or 1∶6∶9 (resistant∶moderate∶susceptible) in the F₂ population, indicating RBSDV resistance of maize was controlled by two recessive genes. The F₂ individuals DNA were extracted and 261 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers derived from maize genome ten chromosomes were selected from maize GDB database to construct genetic linkage map. The linkage map consisted of 71 polymorphic SSR markers, spanning a genetic distance of 996.6 cM with an average interval of 14.0 cM between adjacent markers. The resistant and susceptible gene pools were set up for BSA (bulked segregant analysis) and 6 polymorphism markers were obtained with BSA-SSR method between the two pools. The F₂individuals were further analyzed with 6 polymorphism markers. Chi-square test showed that phi 051, umc1407 and umc1432, mapped on chromosome 7 and 10, exhibited segregation distortion significantly and very significantly in susceptible individuals. These three SSR markers were identified as potential markers linked to the resistant loci.     

气候变化对西北地区水资源的影响及对策

[目的]研究气候变化对西北地区水资源的影响及对策。[方法]分析了气候变化对西北地区水资源的影响,并结合该地区对水的需求情况分析,提出了相应的对策措施。[结果]气候变化对西北地区水资源的影响虽有明显的地区差异,但总体来讲正面影响大于负面影响;而该地区的需水情况因为近年来人文因素的破坏较大,气候变化对水资源的正面效果仍不能使该地区摆脱需水紧张的情况。针对这种情况,应该继续时刻关注气候变化对该地区水资源的影响,提高人民节水意识,逐步开展水利工程,运用适宜的农业技术,建立更健全的法律法规制度,加快西北生态环境的改善,促进西部大开发。[结论]该研究为西北生态环境建设和经济社会发展提供科学依据。