不同时期施氮对菜心硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的影响

研究了不同时期施氮和增施钾肥对菜心产量及硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的影响,结果表明:适当提早施氮和增施钾肥有提高菜心产量的趋势;提早施氮可使菜心的硝酸盐含量下降18.2%~23.4%、亚硝酸盐含量下降32.9%~53.3%;增施钾肥能使菜心的硝酸盐含量下降12.8%~50.3%,但对亚硝酸盐含量的影响不显著。     

2009年秋季芥蓝多点试验

以绿宝芥蓝为对照种,开展了芥蓝新品种的多点试验,以期对新选育芥蓝品种的生物学性状、品质、产量等做出合理的评价。结果表明:秋盛芥蓝和夏翠芥蓝的产量均显著高于对照,且株型美观、生长整齐、商品性好、纤维少、品质优良,是出口菜场和内销市场的优良品种。     

三六氨基酸液肥+赤霉素在一季水稻上的应用效果

为检验三六氨基酸液肥在水稻上的应用效果,在一季水稻上进行了三六氨基酸液肥+赤霉素试验,结果表明:一季水稻抽穗初期,叶片喷施三六牌氨基酸液肥+赤霉素,可提高水稻结实率和千粒重,从而提高单位面积产量。     

连续施用土壤改良剂对沙质潮土肥力及活性有机碳组分的影响

【目的】以河北省廊坊市小麦-玉米轮作区沙质潮土为研究对象,通过2015—2018年田间连续定位试验,研究两种土壤改良剂对土壤活性有机碳组分含量和土壤碳库管理指数的影响,以期为沙质潮土有机碳库培育,改善土壤质量提供理论依据。【方法】试验采用单因素随机区组设计,设4个处理:(1)单施化肥(CK);(2)CK+有机改良剂15 t·hm-2(T1);(3)CK+无机改良剂2.25 t·hm-2(T2);(4)CK+有机改良剂15 t·hm-2+无机改良剂2.25t·hm-2(T3)。收获季测定土壤有机碳、全氮、pH、速效磷、速效钾,并运用修正的内梅罗指数法计算土壤综合肥力指数(IFI)。再分析活性有机碳各组分含量,并计算碳库管理指数(CPMI)。最后通过CPMI和IFI指示指标评价连续施用土壤改良剂对沙质潮土改良的应用效果。【结果】较CK处理,施用有机改良剂处理土壤总有机碳(TOC)和土壤综合肥力指数(IFI)均显著提高,尤其是有机无机改良剂配施时效果最显著;施用有机改良剂处理各活性碳组分含量均呈升高趋势,并且活性有机碳各组分含量呈现为:易氧化有机碳(LOC)>可溶性有机碳(DOC)&g...     

芥蓝新品种‘夏翠芥蓝’的选育(简报)

‘夏翠芥蓝’是利用自交不亲和系配制的杂交一代芥蓝新品种,表现早熟、优质、商品性好;叶片椭圆形,叶长18.5 cm,叶宽18.1 cm,菜薹长17～20 cm,薹粗2.0～2.5 cm,单薹重110～150 g;耐涝性和抗病性较强;适应性较广,广州地区适播期8～10月上旬。     

优质豇豆新品种宝丰的选育

宝丰豇豆植株蔓生,主蔓第6～7节开始着生花穗,花蓝紫色,荚长圆条形,长约56 cm,横径约0.8 cm,单荚质量25 g,商品荚率93%～98%,荚绿白色,有光泽,荚形整齐,双荚率高,无鼠尾,内质脆嫩,纤维少,感官品质鉴定为优.种子肾形、黑色.中早熟,播种到初收春季71天,秋季44天,采收期延续30天以上.耐热性、耐寒性和耐涝性强,耐旱性中等.     

2011年夏季青梗小白菜多点试验

以华冠为对照种,开展了青梗小白菜新品种的多点试验,以期对新选育的夏盛小白菜的生物学性状、品质、产量等作出合理评价.结果表明:夏盛小白菜的产量显著高于对照种华冠,且株型紧凑美观、生长整齐、商品性好,品质优,是出口和内销的优良品种.     

模糊数学模型在酶解法蚝汁感官评价中的应用

以生蚝为原料制备酶解法蚝汁,对比酶解温度、酶解时间及酶添加量对蚝汁感官评分的影响,并以酶解温度、酶解时间和酶添加量为考察因素,利用模糊数学模型结合响应面的方法优化酶解法蚝汁的加工工艺。结果表明：酶解时间对蚝汁的感官评分影响最大,其次是酶解温度,酶添加量对蚝汁感官评分影响最小。确定了酶解法蚝汁最佳工艺参数,即酶解时间3.6 h,酶解温度50℃,酶添加量0.15%。在该优化工艺条件下生产的酶解法蚝汁色泽光鲜,鲜美蚝味突出,鲜蚝香气浓郁,感官评分为85.05,与响应面预测值85.44拟合良好。     

砂质潮土施用改良剂对土壤动物群落特征的影响

【Objective】 Soil fauna is an important component of terrestrial ecosystem, therefore, the studying of the relationship between soil fauna and amendments will help reveal the mechanism of amendments to soil fauna.【Method】During 2016-2019, the characteristics of the soil fauna community in the soil surface layer (0-20 cm) of wheat and maize rotation area with different amendments were investigated. There were four treatments, including no amendment (CK), organic amendment 15 t·hm^-2 (YJ), inorganic amendment 2.25 t·hm^-2 (WJ) and organic amendment 15 t·hm^-2+inorganic amendment 2.25 t·hm^-2 (YW). 【Result】During the study period, 4 351 soil fauna belonging to 8 classes, 20 orders, 41 families, and 44 classes were collected, of which 28 families were macrofauna, and the dominant groups were Asilidae and Myrmicinae, accounting for 62.9% of the total captured soil macrofauna. In another, 14 families soil meso-and micro-fauna were collected, and the dominant groups were Acarid and Oribatida, accounting for 93.0% of the total captured soil meso- and micro-fauna. Soil fauna mainly belonged to saprozoic and omnivores. The data indicated that the total number and taxa of soil fauna collected during the experiment was the highest under WJ, and the lowest under YJ. The number of Scutigerellidae, Sejidae and Japygidae decreased and their richness index decreased, while the mites increased, and the dominance index was high under amendments comparing with CK. There were significant differences in individual number and diversity index of small and medium animal communities among different years (P<0.05), and the number of individuals showed a gradually increasing trend; but the Jaccard index (q) of soil fauna was less than 0.50 among all treatments, and the similarity of macrofauna community was lower than that of meso- and micro- community. The ecological niche widths of meso- and micro- soil fauna, such as Acarid, Oribatida, and Onychiuridae, were higher than those of macrofauna, such as Myrmicinae. However, the niche overlap index was higher than 0.97, indicating that the application of amendments increased the common resources of soil fauna. The NMDS analysis showed that the soil animal community in wheat season 2018 was significantly different from that in other years, whereas, in maize season of 2016, 2018, and 2019, there were different. The results of RDA indicated that soil TN and AK were significantly correlated with Acarid, Oribatida, Onychiuridae, Enicocephalidae, Carabidaein wheat season (P<0.05); the soil organic matter and pH were main factors influencing Acarid, Enicocephalidae, Sciaridae, and Asilidae in maize season (P<0.05). The PRC analysis showed that the relative abundance of Uropodidae peaked in October 2017, and that of Asilidae and Myrmicinae peaked in October 2016 under YJ. The relative abundance of Onychiuridae, Acarid, and Oribatida reached a peak in October 2016 under the combined application of organic and inorganic amendments, and that of Phlaeothripidae and Enicocephalidae appeared in 2019 and peaked in October 2019, demonstrating the incongruity of soil fauna groups to the amendments. 【Conclusion】The variation of soil fauna community and diversity in different years were much more profound than amendments, and the amendments modified soil fauna community and diversity mainly by changing soil pH, SOM, and TN in a fluvo-aquic sandy soil.     

有机肥和缓控肥替代部分化肥降低双季稻田综合净温室效应

  【目的】  秸秆还田是我国水稻生产中的常规土壤培肥措施,在此背景下,进一步研究有机肥和包膜尿素替代部分普通尿素,以及施用硅肥和微量元素对土壤固碳效应和温室气体排放的影响及机理,为实现稻田“固碳减排”提供依据。  【方法】  江西高安县的双季稻田间定位试验始于2013年。在秸秆全部还田、早稻施N165 kg/hm2和晚稻施N 195 kg/hm2条件下,设置4个氮素处理: 100%普通尿素氮 (CK);用20%有机肥氮替代普通尿素氮 (N1);在N1基础上增加Si、Zn和S肥 (N2);在N2基础上用30%的包膜尿素氮替代普通尿素氮 (N3)。于收获期测定作物产量和地上部生物量,2016年测定了早稻和晚稻生育期温室气体 (CO₂、N₂O和CH₄) 排放量。  【结果】  与早稻季相比,晚稻季温室气体排放总量较高,其中晚稻季CH₄排放量是早稻季的4倍 (P < 0.05),生态系统呼吸增加了7.5%～9.3% (P > 0.05)。同一季节4个处理间生态系统呼吸没有显著差异;N₂O排放量以CK 最高,其中早稻季CK处理比N1、N2和N3处理分别增加31.7%、27.2%和43.7%,晚稻季分别增加20.0%、31.5%和40.6% (P < 0.05);与CK处理相比,有机肥替代处理显著增加了CH₄的排放量,其中早稻季N1、N2和N3处理分别增加了13.1%、13.9%和21.4%,晚稻季分别增加了19.4%、12.7%和13.7% (P < 0.05)。利用地上部生物量估计当季/年尺度土壤固碳效应,晚稻季有机肥处理 (N1、N2和N3) 与CK相比增加显著 (P < 0.05);2016年早稻产量比晚稻提高30%,所以早稻季综合净温室效应是负值 (碳汇),而晚稻季是正值 (碳源),全年总计为碳源,这表明稻田产生温室效应。与CK处理相比,有机肥和包膜尿素配施处理 (N3) 显著降低了全年综合净温室效应。  【结论】  连续4年的田间试验结果表明,在秸秆还田基础上,用有机肥部分替代普通尿素可显著增加CH₄排放,但又显著降低N₂O排放且增加土壤固碳效应。综合考虑,有机肥投入会显著降低双季稻田综合净温室效应。使用包膜尿素替代部分普通尿素可有效降低施用有机肥产生的CH₄排放,且通过提高产量进一步降低双季稻生产系统的综合净温室效应。而施用中、微量元素肥料对综合净温室效应没有显著正效应。由于晚稻的温室气体排放量高于早稻,因此,通过优化施肥技术提高早稻产量是降低双季稻年度温室气体排放的有效措施。