“茭白+水芹”消纳沼液试验

为研究茭白套种水芹模式对不同浓度沼液的消纳效果,研究了茭白套种水芹模式对不同浓度沼液中NH₄⁺-N、TP、TN和COD(化学需氧量)的去除效果。结果表明,在茭白套种水芹模式下,于茭白分蘖初期灌溉3.0 cm高的沼液,NH₄⁺-N、TP、TN和COD的去除率均最高,30 d后即可达到一级排放标准。其中,茭白套种水芹模式磷的去除率达到98.68%,比单独种植茭白高3.77个百分点,具有明显优势。在养殖场周边进行茭白套种水芹,不仅能有效消纳养殖场的沼液,还能产生经济效益。     

茭白叶黑斑病的病原鉴定和防治药剂筛选

In recent years, in addition to brown spot disease, leaf black spot has occurred frequently and seriously affected the yield and quality in the production areas of Zizania latifolia in China. In order to identify the pathogen, diseased samples were collected from Lu'an, Suzhou, Tongxiang, Yuhang, Yuyao, Jinhua, Shengzhou. Finally, 90 fungal strains were obtained by tissue isolation method, in which 25 strains causing black spot disease of Z. latifolia was identified as Nigrospora oryzae by morphological observation, multiple sequence alignment analysis and pathogenicity test. Toxicity test of 12 fungicides commonly used in fields was carried out in laboratory conditions. The results showed that the effect of 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was best, with the EC₅₀ of 0.002 mg·L^-1; followed by 30% Pyraclostrobin SC and 60% Difenoconazole WG, with the EC₅₀ of 0.056 and 0.057 mg·L^-1, respectively. Combined with the inhibitory effect of the 12 fungicides on Ustilago esculenta, 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was the best choice as a control agent. This study provided scientific basis for the identification and control of leaf black spot of Z. latifolia.