糯米糍等3个荔枝品种果实贮藏期间生理变化研究

本试验比较了常温和低温贮藏时，糯米糍等3个荔枝品种的生理变化,以期为不同荔枝品种的贮运保鲜提供理论依据。     

Can treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.     

Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Serinus canaria</Emphasis>)

Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus.     

羊种布鲁氏菌疫苗株PCR-RFLP鉴定方法的建立

为建立一种羊种布鲁氏菌Rev.1疫苗株PCR-RFLP鉴定方法,利用羊种布鲁氏菌Rev.1具有链霉素抗性的特性,选取与链霉素抗性相关编码核糖体蛋白S12的rps L基因为模板设计引物,经PCR扩增后,将产物进行Nci I酶切,发现羊种布鲁氏菌疫苗株Rev.1出现约500 bp条带,而不具有链霉素抗性的羊种布鲁氏菌株16M则出现384 bp条带。结果表明,PCR-RFLP方法能够用于羊种布鲁氏菌Rev.1疫苗株的鉴定,这为今后区分羊种布鲁氏菌疫苗株Rev.1免疫与野株感染提供了基础。     

Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

齿兰环斑病毒与建兰花叶病毒分子检测研究

齿兰环斑病毒（Odontoglossum ringspot virus,ORSV）与建兰花叶病毒（Cymbidium mosaic virus, CyMV）是严重危害兰科植物的两种主要病毒。本研究根据病毒外壳蛋白基因设计特异性引物,应用ELISA、普通RT-PCR、巢式RT-PCR和免疫捕获RT-PCR4种方法进行了检测研究与比较。结果表明：普通RT-PCR与ELISA方法检测灵敏度相当;巢式RT-PCR检测灵敏度要比普通RT-PCR与ELISA方法高出104倍以上;免疫捕获RT-PCR检测灵敏度介于普通RT-PCR和巢式RT-PCR之间。采用巢式RT-PCR方法对我国台湾进境的蝴蝶兰植株样本检测,1号样本出现与阳性对照一致的特异条带。双向测序分析,扩增产物序列与ORSV外壳蛋白基因具有100％的同源性,表明1号蝴蝶兰样本携带ORSV。     

羊胎盘转移因子注射液体液免疫调节作用的研究

[目的]通过研究羊胎盘转移因子注射液对实验动物免疫球蛋白、B淋巴细胞和抗体形成细胞数量变化的影响,探讨受试药品对实验动物体液免疫的调节作用,进而评估其临床体液免疫调节的使用价值。[方法]试验1:用小白鼠进行免疫球蛋白测定试验,比较给药前后小白鼠血清免疫球蛋白的变化;试验2:用大白兔进行EAC玫瑰花环试验,测定给药前后B淋巴细胞数量的变化;试验3:用小白鼠进行溶血空斑试验,比较试验组和对照组抗体形成细胞数的变化。[结果]试验1:试验组小白鼠血清免疫球蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05);试验2:试验组受试动物EAC玫瑰花环的成环细胞数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验3:试验组小白鼠抗体生成细胞的数量极显著增加(P<0.01)。[结论]羊胎盘转移因子注射液对受试动物体液免疫有显著调节作用。     

云南半细毛羊不同发育阶段皮肤毛囊性状的发育规律研究

本研究选择了 58只母羔 ( 38只单羔、2 0只双羔 ) ,分别于初生、断乳、6月龄、周岁时采取皮肤样品 ,采用横切和纵切连续切片法 ,在皮脂腺水平上观测皮肤毛囊群结构及毛囊性状发育规律。结果表明 :云南半细毛羊皮肤毛囊群结构为三元型 ,毛囊群呈长椭园形 ,皮脂腺较发达 ,毛囊较少弯曲 ,生长方向一致。毛囊性状初生时与断乳、6月龄、周岁时差异极显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ,其余各年龄段间除皮肤厚度和真皮层厚差异显著 (P <0 0 5)外 ,其余差异都不显著 ,说明毛囊性状在断乳 ( 4月龄 )时已基本稳定 ,断乳时的毛囊性状即可代表周岁时的毛囊性状。初生、断乳、6月龄、周岁时的皮肤总毛囊数 (个 /mm2 )分别为4 7 4 4± 7 73、2 9 0 0± 6 4 9、2 9 2 9± 6 4 2和 2 9 79± 6 0 7,S/P值分别为 3 52± 0 91、6 0 0± 1 1 3、6 6 3± 0 95和 7 39± 1 2 6。单双羔在毛囊发育上有不同 ,这种差别差异不显著 ,但数量上的差异一直持续到断乳     

Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance

The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets.     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.