Preharvest applications of growth regulators and their effect on postharvest quality of table grapes during cold storage

Over 54,600 ha of table grapes (Vitis vinifera), mainly cvs. ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Redglobe’, are planted in Chile. Almost the entire production is exported to the USA, Europe, Asia, or one of several Latin American countries, which typically requires 15–40 d of maritime transportation. During this period, several physical, physiological, and pathological factors cause table grape deterioration. Because berry size is the main quality factor in international markets, farmers often overuse the growth regulators, gibberellic acid (GA₃) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU), in an effort to increase berry size. We examined the effect of preharvest growth regulators on seedless (‘Thompson Seedless’, and ‘Ruby Seedless’) and seeded (‘Redglobe’) table grape cultivars during cold (0 °C) storage plus a shelf life period of 3 d at 20 °C. The overuse of GA₃, eight instead of two GA₃ applications on Thompson Seedless, and the use of one GA₃ application on Redglobe and ‘Ruby Seedless’, increased berry pedicel thickness and lowered cuticle content but induced shatter and predisposed grapes to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, CPPU increased berry pedicel thickness and cuticle content but did not increase shatter or gray mold incidence. Clusters that were subjected to overuse of combined GA₃ and CPPU were highly sensitive to shatter, had the thickest pedicel, and developed a high gray mold incidence during cold storage. Hairline, a fine cracking developed during cold storage, was induced on ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Ruby Seedless’ by growth regulators, but no hairline occurred on ‘Redglobe’ table grapes. Therefore, berry quality during cold storage is greatly influenced by growth regulator management in the vineyard.     

高校图书馆消防安全系统的新木桶模型

从历次惨痛的图书馆火灾事故中,探究图书馆火灾发生的原因。在此基础上,引入新木桶理论,探索建立适合图书馆消防安全的安全木桶模型,从安全系统的人、物、环境这3个安全指标,人力、技术、财力的保障,安全管理和安全责任几个方面讨论了安全木桶的适用性,并针对所在图书馆的安全系统提出了相应的建议。     

利用紫茎泽兰栽培田头菇的研究

利用紫茎泽兰作为原料栽培田头菇 ,同时利用稻草和棉籽壳为原料栽培田头菇作对照。研究结果表明 ,代料熟料栽培田头菇的培养基配方中 ,以紫茎泽兰为主要原料的配方A效果最好 ,生物学效率比对照的稻草培养基平均增产 80 %以上。利用紫茎泽兰鲜草和干草作培养基的单产量差异不明显。     

苦皮藤素类似物的合成与结构鉴定

以苦皮藤Celastrus angulatus Max.提取物水解产物中的多羟基β-二氢沉香呋喃为原料,合成了对粘虫Mythimna separata具有毒杀活性的苦皮藤素(Celangulin)类似物,并在活性追踪的指导下分离得到了两个具有杀虫活性的苦皮藤素类似物 A和B, 其结构经核磁共振谱、快原子轰击质谱、高分辨质谱等波谱学方法鉴定为2β,6α,8β,13-四异丁酰氧基-1β,4α,9α-三羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃及1β,2β,6α,8β,13-五异丁酰氧基-4α,9α-二羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃。化合物 A和B 均为新化合物,在20 mg/mL的浓度下对三龄粘虫Mythimna separata的胃毒活性(死亡率)分别为89.5%和93.2%。     

Effects of fosinopril,captopril and valsartan on the expressionof tissue factor in human monocytes

AIM: To investigate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), fosinopril, captopril and angiotensin II AT₁ antagonists, valsartan on tissue factor (TF) expression on monocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: Mononuclear leukocytes from normal delivered female umbilical veins were incubated with bacterial LPS in presence or absence of different ACE inhibitors .At the end of incubation, the cells were disrupted by 3 freeze-thaw cycles. TF procoagulant activity was assessed by a one-stage clotting assay. RT-PCR was used to check TF mRNA expression, and GAPDH mRNA was used for parallel assay. RESULTS and CONCLUSION: The results showed that increased expression of TF mRNA induced by LPS was inhibited by fosinopril, captopril and valsartan, respectively, and the procoagualant activity of monocytes was also reduced.     

粪肥施用对土壤团聚体的影响——Meta分析

粪肥施用为土壤输入大量有机质与养分,能影响土壤团聚体的形成和稳定性,大部分研究主要认为粪肥施用促进土壤大粒径团聚体的形成(marcoaggregate,≥0.25 mm),但进一步细分是对大团聚体(large marcoaggregate,>2 mm)还是小团聚体(small marcoaggregate,2 ~ 0.25 mm)的影响更大,研究存在较大差异。本文使用Meta分析收集了36篇相关文献,共267个团聚体数据,发现施用粪肥能显著增加土壤大团聚体和小团聚体含量,分别增加了95% 和17%,同时减少了土壤微团聚体(microaggregates,0.25 ~ 0.053 mm)和土壤粉黏颗粒(silt-plus and clay-size particles,<0.053 mm)含量,分别减少了14% 和20%。本文还从土壤因素、粪肥因素、气候因素3个角度的解释变量来分析粪肥施用对土壤团聚体影响不同的原因,结果发现土壤类型、土壤pH、粪肥种类和年均气温、年均降水量是造成不同研究结果差异的主要原因。     

添加剂对堆肥过程中挥发性有机物（VOCs）的减排效果

为明确添加剂对堆肥挥发性有机物（Volatile organic compounds,VOCs）排放的减排效果和影响因素,通过文献筛选出吸附类添加剂（活性炭和沸石）与有机酸类添加剂（柠檬酸和草酸）开展实验研究。在鸡粪-玉米秸秆堆肥实验中,设置5个处理,分别为对照（CK）、添加活性炭、添加沸石、添加柠檬酸和添加草酸处理。研究对象包括115种VOCs、三甲胺和6种含硫有机挥发气体（二甲硫醚、二甲基二硫醚、二甲基三硫醚、甲硫醇、乙硫醇、乙硫醚）。结果表明：在28 d的好氧发酵中,所有处理均达到50 ℃并维持7 d,满足无害化标准。检出110种VOCs、三甲胺和3种含硫有机挥发气体（二甲硫醚、二甲基二硫醚,二甲基三硫醚）。VOCs的排放集中在前9 d,在第3天时VOCs达到峰值。5个处理在堆肥第3天检测到的VOCs浓度范围为169.22~548.26 mg·m^-3。4种添加剂对各类VOCs均有减排效果。在第3天,活性炭、沸石、柠檬酸和草酸对烷烃类的减排效率分别为79%、26%、77%和46%,对卤烃类的减排效率分别为96%、38%、93%和97%,对芳香烃类的减排效率分别为28%、11%、24%和53%。从堆肥第6天开始只有沸石对各类VOCs有减排效果,最高减排效率为30%。针对含硫有机挥发气体减排,减排效果依次是草酸>柠檬酸>沸石>活性炭。4种添加剂对含硫有机挥发气体均有减排效果,但是对三甲胺没有减排效果。综合堆肥前9 d VOCs的减排情况,4种添加剂中沸石对各类VOCs减排效果最好。堆肥过程中添加沸石有利于VOCs和其他气体的协同减排,并且对土壤和农作物不存在风险,所以沸石在堆肥工程中有广阔的应用前景。     

饲料中添加乳酸菌和三丁酸甘油酯对克氏原螯虾肠道菌群及非特异性免疫的影响

以基础饲料为对照(Ⅰ组),分别添加0.2％乳酸菌粉(Ⅱ组)、0.1％三丁酸甘油酯(Ⅲ组)、0.2％乳酸菌粉+0.1％三丁酸甘油酯(Ⅳ组),进行为期6周的生长试验,探究在饲料中添加乳酸菌和(或)三丁酸甘油酯对克氏原螯虾肠道菌群及非特异性免疫的影响.结果表明:①基于16SrDNA分析肠道微生物群落结构组成,变形菌门、柠檬杆...     

达乌里胡枝子花粉萌发特性研究

为揭示达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza daurica)花粉的育性并为其花粉活力检测提供一种高效方法,本试验以达乌里胡枝子新鲜花粉为试验材料,采用液体培养基,研究了蔗糖、硼酸、氯化钙浓度、采样时间、温度、光照和培养时间等因素对花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的影响.试验结果表明:单因素试验中,适宜花粉萌发的培养基配方为20 g...     

大豆除草剂对水稻秧苗生长的影响

就施过豆磺隆、普施特、广灭灵的大豆茬,对后作水稻本田秧苗生长的影响进行研究。结果表明:各处理对水稻移栽后的幼苗生长发育都有程度不同的影响。