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This article describes the maintenance of dental instruments in a companion animal practice, in particular the correct sharpening techniques for tartar scrapers, curettes, excavators, and elevators. Sharp instruments are essential for the quality and speed of dental care. 相似文献
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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies affect a number of mammalian species. The most common spongiform encephalopathies are scrapie in sheep and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy (FSE) is a related disorder in domestic cats. Because of the link between BSE and FSE, cats are put on a par with cattle, in terms of politics and regulations. In the Netherlands, when a case of BSE is found on a farm, not only the ruminants, but also the cats are taken away for post-mortem examination. So far, the cats examined have always been negative for FSE. There are no scientific reasons for destroying the cats on farms where BSE has been found. 相似文献
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Kirpensteijn J Maarschalkerweerd RJ van der Gaag I Kooistra HS van Sluijs FJ 《The Veterinary quarterly》2001,23(2):67-70
The macroscopic and histological appearance of jejunal antimesenteric incisions approximated with two different absorbable suture materials (monofilament versus multifilament) and three closure techniques (appositional single layer, crushing single layer, and double layer) were compared in healthy dogs at 14 or 28 days, postoperatively. No significant differences between the two suture materials were observed for most of the macroscopic or histological variables. However, the monofilament suture material caused significantly more fibrous tissue reaction in the muscular layer of the jejunum than did the multifilament suture material. Of the three enterotomy closure techniques used in this study, the appositional single-layer method proved to be the best. The double-layer closure method caused a significant decrease in the incisional circumference, the relative circumference, and volume of the jejunum, and a significant increase in jejunal wall thickness. Our findings suggest that canine jejunal enterotomy incisions can be closed using an appositional suture pattern with relatively rapidly absorbable monofilament suture material. The use of double-layer suture patterns for closure of jejunal enterotomy incisions should be avoided because the size of the intestinal lumen may be reduced. 相似文献
118.
Brommer H Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM Kessels B 《The Veterinary quarterly》2001,23(2):92-95
Reference values for haematological and blood biochemical variables may vary per breed and are influenced by age and, to a certain extent, by rearing conditions. To investigate the influence of age and rearing conditions, these variables were measured in Dutch Warmblood foals from birth to 5 months of age. The foals were divided into three groups with different exercise regimens: 14 foals got boxrest with no exercise; 14 foals were kept in comparable boxes, but received daily exercise; and 15 foals were maintained on pasture with free exercise. Blood samples were collected each month and 36 haematological and biochemical variables were measured. The influence of age and rearing conditions was statistically evaluated. Significant age effects were found for all variables with the exception of band-shaped leucocytes, eosinophilic leucocytes, basophilic leucocytes, monocytes, platelets, pCO2, and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, creatinine and creatine phosphokinase levels. Rearing conditions appeared to influence the haemoglobin, packed cell volume, pH, base excess, bicarbonate, chloride, urea, and alkaline phosphatase values. Most age-related differences can be explained by growth and differentiation-related processes that are specific for young animals. Differences due to the different rearing conditions can partly be explained by the higher metabolism and greater maturation of tissues in foals maintained on pasture with free exercise. Some other differences were minor and were probably of no clinical relevance. The conclusion is that haematological and blood biochemical variables in the Dutch Warmblood foal mainly depend on age, thus warranting the use of specific age-related reference values for foals of this breed. 相似文献
119.
Present and future of veterinary viral vaccinology: a review 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
van Oirschot JT 《The Veterinary quarterly》2001,23(3):100-108
This review deals briefly with some key developments in veterinary vaccinology, lists the types of vaccines that are used for vaccinations commonly performed in food animals as well as in companion animals, and indicates that the practising veterinarian can select the best vaccine by comparing the results of efficacy studies. Diva (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals; also termed marker) vaccines and companion diagnostic tests have been developed that can be used for progammes aimed to control or eradicate virus infections. Vaccine-induced herd immunity, which can be measured relatively easily when diva vaccines are used, is a crucial issue in such programmes. Current vaccine research follows many routes towards novel vaccines, which can be divided into non-replicating ('killed') and replicating ('live') vaccines. Promising trends are the development of DNA vaccination, vector vaccines, and attenuation of DNA and RNA viruses by DNA technology. The lack of (in vitro) correlates of vaccine protection markedly hampers progress in vaccine research. Various characteristics of an 'ideal' vaccine are listed, such as multivalency and the induction of lifelong immunity after one non-invasive administration in animals with maternal immunity. Future research should be aimed at developing vaccines that approach the ideal as closely as possible and which are directed against diseases not yet controlled by vaccination and against newly emerging diseases. 相似文献
120.
A retrospective study was carried out of 224 horses operated for strangulating small intestine obstructions. Fifty-four horses were euthanized and 5 horses died during surgery which means that 165 (73%) were allowed to recover. Of these, 53 horses were euthanized or died in the clinic and 112 (50%) were discharged from the hospital. Of 90 horses available for follow-up 1 year postoperatively, 76 (84%) were still alive. The most important causes of death or reasons for euthanasia in the direct post-operative period were post-operative paralytic ileus, (adhesive) peritonitis and intra-abdominal haemorrhage. After discharge from the hospital the reasons were (adhesive) peritonitis and (recurrent) colic. Of the horses which survived for at least 1 year, 16% sometimes suffered from colic, 12% experienced problems with incisional woundhealing and 4% suffered from jugular vein thrombosis. All were in good or reasonable condition and 88% performed at (approximately) the same level as before the operation. The type of surgical intervention (i.e. enterotomy, enterectomy) did not significantly influence the outcome of surgery, whereas the type of anastomosis did. End-to-end jejunojejunostomy had a better prognosis than side-to-side jejunocaecostomy. It was concluded that strangulating obstructions of the small intestine still carry a poor to guarded prognosis. Mortality was highest in the direct peri-operative period. Once discharged from hospital, prognosis can be considered to be fair to good. Attempts to improve outcome should be directed at a better handling of the ileal stump during surgery and at the prevention of post-operative ileus and the formation of adhesions. 相似文献