生物质气化中焦油的产生及其危害性

从介绍生物质气化技术原理、装置及流程入手,论述了气化过程中焦油的产生、特点、影响因素及危害性。     

新疆维吾尔自治区林业教育培训调研报告

＂十一五＂期间,新疆维吾尔自治区在林业教育培训方面取得了长足的发展。与林业快速发展的新形势相比,林业教育培训仍存在着诸如缺乏同一规划、经费保障不足、培训针对性不强等问题。为加快新疆地区的林业教育培训,有关单位必须统一规划、加强协作、加大与内地发达地区合作,借助信息化平台建设,促进林业培训工作的快速、有序开展。     

宁夏、甘肃两省（区）林业教育培训调研报告

＂十一五＂期间,宁夏、甘肃两省（区）在林业教育培训方面取得了一定成绩,但也存在培训规模不足、培训市场无序、培训针对性不强等问题。要推动两省（区）教育培训,必须进一步摸清人才需求状况,切实优化教育培训运行模式,增加教育培训投入,大力推广远程教育等。     

植物新品种保护知识（Ⅳ）

本文介绍了植物新品种保护中的常见的法律知识,使大家对其内容有个初步了解。     

Development of a questionnaire to assess the impact of atopic dermatitis on health-related quality of life of affected dogs and their owners

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or chronically relapsing human and canine skin disease that is known to affect the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals. Several studies have been conducted to develop disease-specific questionnaires and assess QoL in parents of children with AD and in the children themselves. The severity of canine AD is however currently evaluated using only clinical and pruritus scores. Measurement of the QoL of affected dogs and their owners could therefore provide a new tool for assessing disease severity and treatment efficacy. Ninety-eight owners of AD-affected dogs were asked to complete two questionnaires aiming to evaluate the QoL of affected dogs and their owners on one hand and the relationship between them and their dog on the other hand. Statistical analyses were carried out in order to assess the validity of the questionnaires and to select relevant questions for future studies. These analyses resulted in the selection of 13 questions that could be used in further studies aiming at determining the QoL of affected animals and their owners.     

吉林省玉米高产区高产高效栽培技术与生育生理指标研究——第一报 公顷产量11250kg栽培技术

在吉林省玉米高产区,公顷产量由原来的7000～8000kg提高到11000多公斤,是种植耐密型高产品种,合理密植、增施肥料、精耕细种、加强田间管理等措施综合作用的结果.其中品种的增产作用是主要的,适宜密度因品种而异,即中晚熟、晚熟、中、大穗型品种,公顷6.0万株左右,中熟、小穗型品种7～8万株;在施肥上,应增施氮肥、补施钾肥,公顷施氮量应增加到220～230kg,钾(K₂O)应补施到70～150kg,磷(P₂O₅)要保持原来75～80kg即可;采用综合措施,将田间小穗株率控制在5%以内.     

The Agersoe cattle: the last remnants of the Danish island cattle (Bos taurus)?

A phenotypically interesting strain of cattle existed on the small island of Agersoe, on the west coast of Zealand, Denmark, in the beginning of the last decade. The cattle share a great resemblance to the extinct Danish breed, the Island cattle. The objective of this study was to genetically characterize the Agersoe cattle, using microsatellites, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and mtDNA markers, and analyse the genetic variability within the breed and the genetic relationship to 14 European breeds with focus on the Red Danish and Jutland breed. The results show diversity in nuclear markers comparable to that of modern breeds and that the Agersoe cattle are separable from the two native breeds. The absence of inbreeding and the degree of genetic diversity are taken as a sign of recent admixture. The Agersoe cattle did not exhibit a consistent association with any of the European breeds. Several arguments based on this survey have been put forward in favour of characterizing the Agersoe cattle as being the last remnants of the Danish Island Cattle.     

Genome-wide association for milk production and lactation curve parameters in Holstein dairy cows

The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with 305-day milk yield and lactation curve parameters on primiparous (n = 9,910) and multiparous (n = 11,158) Holstein cows. The SNP solutions were estimated using a weighted single-step genomic BLUP approach and imputed high-density panel (777k) genotypes. The proportion of genetic variance explained by windows of 50 consecutive SNP (with an average of 165 Kb) was calculated, and regions that accounted for more than 0.50% of the variance were used to search for candidate genes. Estimated heritabilities were 0.37, 0.34, 0.17, 0.12, 0.30 and 0.19, respectively, for 305-day milk yield, peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay for primiparous cows. Genetic correlations of 305-day milk yield with peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay in primiparous cows were 0.99, 0.63, 0.20, 0.97 and −0.52, respectively. The results identified three windows on BTA14 associated with 305-day milk yield and the parameters of lactation curve in primi- and multiparous cows. Previously proposed candidate genes for milk yield supported by this work include GRINA, CYHR1, FOXH1, TONSL, PPP1R16A, ARHGAP39, MAF1, OPLAH and MROH1, whereas newly identified candidate genes are MIR2308, ZNF7, ZNF34, SLURP1, MAFA and KIFC2 (BTA14). The protein lipidation biological process term, which plays a key role in controlling protein localization and function, was identified as the most important term enriched by the identified genes.     

炼山对杉木人工林生态系统的影响 Ⅰ炼山初期林地水土流失的初步研究

本文采用径流小区定位观测法分析研究炼山与不炼山的水土流失差异。通过一年的研究结果表明:炼山后第一年水、土、肥流失十分严重,炼山的年径流量为2743.49m~3/ha,年土壤流失量为24.811T/ha,分别是不炼山的11倍和88倍。大量水土流失伴随着养分流失。有机质、速效氮、磷和钾的流失量分别为不炼山的15倍、24倍、16倍和5倍。经回归分析、炼山因素在影响本区水土流失诸因子中占主导地位。在本试验条件下24°—32°可能是水流面蚀强度的临界坡度。