Characterization of Francisella tularensis Strains,Comparing Their Carbon Source Utilization

Thirteen Francisella tularensis strains were isolated from 22 seropositive brown hares (Lepus europaeus) originating from different parts of Hungary, and further two from a patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) and vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops). The isolates were identified as F. tularensis ssp. holarctica on the basis of culture, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The identification was verified by polymerase chain reaction and the sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA gene. Utilization of carbon sources of the 15 F. tularensis strains was characterized with the Biolog system. The system was able to identify the strains already after 4 h of incubation, not only after the standard 24 h. After the analysis and comparison of the metabolic profiles of our strains with the Biolog database, it was concluded that not all carbon sources indicated in the database were utilized by our isolates. The Biolog software fails to distinguish the highly virulent F. tularensis ssp. tularensis and the moderately virulent F. tularensis ssp. holarctica but the Biolog microplates can be manually read to differentiate the two subspecies based on glycerol source utilization. As all the studied strains were unable to use glycerol, they could be identified as F. tularensis ssp. holarctica. The dendrogram based on the metabolic relationship of the strains shows that the isolates are very similar to each other, which correlates with the conservative genetic character of F. tularensis ssp. holarctica.     

晋麦47幼苗叶片水分胁迫差异表达蛋白的鉴定与分析

为了从蛋白质水平进一步揭示小麦抗旱机理,以旱地小麦品种晋麦47为试验材料,采用蛋白质双向电泳技术,结合质谱鉴定技术,研究幼苗在正常供水与水分胁迫(-0.5 MPa的PEG-6000溶液处理48h)后叶片蛋白质组表达谱间的差异,分析水分胁迫差异表达的蛋白种类及其功能.研究发现,在正常供水和水分胁迫处理两种条件下,幼苗叶片蛋白的双向电泳图谱均可重复检测到850个蛋白点;31个蛋白点在两种供水水平间表达量存在显著差异,其中17个蛋白点在水分胁迫处理下表达量明显增加,14个蛋白点表达量明显减少.对这些蛋白点进行肽指纹图谱分析,并利用Mascot软件在NCBInr数据库搜索,最终有26个蛋白点被成功鉴定;其中,未知功能蛋白7个;已知功能蛋白19个,主要涉及能量、代谢、抗病与防御、细胞结构、转录与翻译以及信号转导等功能类别.结果表明,小麦体内的多个代谢及调控途径参与了对干旱的应激反应.最后,本文还对鉴定到的差异蛋白点与水分胁迫的关系进行了分析和讨论.     

Application of and correlation among antioxidant and antiradical assays for characterizing antioxidant capacity of berries

Various antioxidant assays are used to characterize fruits consumed fresh or processed although an easy, reliable and cheap assay is not available to follow the changes in antioxidant power. This study tested the applicability of a recently developed antioxidant measuring system, Water-soluble (ACW) and Lipid-soluble (ACL) Antioxidant Capacity, using the PHOTOCHEM^® instrument. Initially, 13 cultivars of 4 berry species were assayed with Photochem and compared with widely used methods based on single electron transfer reactions like ferric reducing ability of plasma, total polyphenolic content (TPC) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging capacity. Assays based on hydrogen atom transfer reactions were also carried out including total radical-scavenger capacity (TRSC). The correlations among the results were all significant at P ≤ 0.05, except the one between TPC and ACW. The overall antioxidant capacity ranked on the order of strawberry < red currant < raspberry < black currant. However, significant differences could have been detected among genotypes and antioxidants assays used for the analysis. The Photochem instrument is not suitable for easy, cheap and high-throughput routine analysis of berry antioxidant capacity and hence is not preferable to other assays.     

钢筋混凝土框架柱计算长度设计方法研究

首先采用直接由材料本构关系形成单元M-N-Φ本构矩阵的方法推导出钢筋混凝土构件的单元刚度矩阵，编制了可以同时考虑材料和几何双重大量线性影响的有限元程序，与独立柱和框架柱的试验结果相比，计算结果吻合较好；然后，采用该分析程序对一榀二跨七层的规则框架算例进行分析，计算了各柱单元控制截面的二阶弯矩，并分析了二阶弯矩随各影响因素的变化规律；最后，以现行设计规范中标准柱偏心距增大系数的原型公式在本研究程序条件下修正公式为基点，分析了所选算例各柱单元的计算长度随各影响因素的变化规律。     

NAA和2，4ˉD对东方百合组织培养的影响

借助正交回归多项式建立数学模型的方法,研究了NAA对东方百合“蒂伯”（Ti ber）鳞片 诱导小鳞茎及2,4ˉD对小叶片诱导愈伤组织的影响,以探讨东方百合组织培养中NAA及 2,4ˉD 的用量范围及最佳用量。结果表明, NAA诱导离体鳞片外植体产生小鳞茎的用量范围为 0.15～ 0.9 mg·L -1 ,最佳用量为0.69 mg·L -1 ; 2,4ˉD诱导叶片形成愈伤组织的最佳用量为3.2 mg· L -1 。     

添加不同水平双乙酸钠对裹包TMR贮存效果的影响

【目的】研究裹包全混合日粮(Total mixed ration,TMR)中添加不同水平的双乙酸钠(SDA)对贮存效果的影响。【方法】在裹包TMR中分别添加鲜重质量分数0,0.1%,0.3%和0.5%的SDA,于贮存后第0,3,7,15和30天,对裹包TMR的感官、营养成分、发酵指标和有氧稳定性进行分析。【结果】0.3%和0.5%SDA添加组的裹包TMR可以良好贮存30 d。SDA添加水平越高,裹包TMR的有氧稳定性越好。添加SDA对裹包TMR的感官和营养成分影响差异较小。与其他2个处理相比,0.3%和0.5%SDA添加水平可以显著降低裹包TMR的pH值(P<0.05)和NH3-N/TN值(P<0.05)。【结论】从经济效益和添加效果考虑,在裹包TMR中添加0.3%SDA为适宜水平。     

阿拉善荒漠草地生态危机及其治理对策

综述了阿拉善地区生态危机的现状 ,并根据多年来生态治理的经验和成果 ,提出了以改善生态环境为目标、草原建设为重点、综合开发为手段 ,坚持环境治理与农牧业生产并重的治理原则与方法     

小麦白粉病抗病材料的鉴定研究

１９９７－２０００年连续３年,利用陕西小麦白粉病茵模拟病圃混合茵系,对陕西等省新育成的２８０份小麦育种材料进行了苗期与成株期抗病性鉴定,筛选出对小麦白粉病茵高抗－免疫的育种亲本材料１２份,其中高抗材料２份为鉴４４和鉴４７;免疫材料１０份为鉴１９、鉴２０、鉴４０、鉴４６、鉴４９、８８（６０５）－１－５－１－２－２－１、保丰９４－６６、贵农２９和秦８１２０－２３－５－１８。这些材料表现稳定,可供抗白粉     

华山松球蚜防治指标的研究

对昆明市东川区二二二林场华山松球蚜危害情况进行的调查研究结果表明华山松球蚜危害级代表值与华山松材积损失率间有明显的相关关系,可用一元回归方程表示为Y=-5.833343+17.86094X.在此基础上,并考虑不同的立木生长量、木材价格、防治费用和防治效果,进一步推算出华山松球蚜防治指标的动态模型为XET={[C/(D×J×E)]×100+5.833343}/17.86094.     

小麦遗传率中潮霉素适宜筛选浓度的研究

研究了潮霉素不同质量浓度对西农 1376和京花 1号小麦愈伤组织及种子的筛选效果。结果表明 ,潮霉素对小麦愈伤组织的适宜筛选质量浓度为 110 mg/L,对转基因小麦后代种子筛选以 14 0 mg/L 较为适宜 ;不同基因型材料对潮霉素的敏感性存在一定差异