规模化肉牛育肥的青粗饲料供应体系

本文介绍了我国规模化养牛的制约因素和规模化养牛的青粗饲料供应体系。     

Diätetische Bewertung verschiedener in Ungarn angebauter Zucker- und Wassermelonensorten

Zusammenfassung Bei 7 der Sortenprüfung unterzogenen Zuckermelonen- und 6 Wassermelonensorten untersuchten Verfasser die Verteilung im Zucker- und Säuregehalt sowie den Gehalt an Vitamin C und Carotin.Beim gesamten Untersuchungsmaterial wurde die quantitative und qualitative Verteilung der Kohlenhydrate und Säuren bestimmt.Den Untersuchungsergebnissen gemäß erhöht sich bei Zuckermelonen der Saccharosegehalt, bei Wassermelonen der Fructosegehalt in Richtung des Fruchtinneren, wo auch sowohl bei Zucker-, wie bei Wassermelonen die meiste Säure nachweisbar ist.Auf Grund des Gehaltes an Kohlenhydraten, Säure, Vitamin C und Carotin wurden die verschiedenen Melonensorten auch diätetisch bewertet.

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Summary Seven types of sugar melon and 6 types of water melon applied in selection experiments in Hungary were examined by the authors as regards sugar content, nature and quantity of acids, further the contents of ascorbic acid and carotene.The nature and quantity of sugars and acids were determined in the flesh and in the peels of all types examined.According to the analytical results, the content of sucrose of sugar melons increases when nearing the centre whilst in the case of water melons, the content of fructose becomes higher in the central portion.The content of acid showed maximum values in the centre with both sugar and water melons.The examined types of melons were also evaluated from a biological aspect, considering the contents of sugar, acid, ascorbic acid and carotene.

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家蚕品种资源茧丝性状的调查报告

对２０９个家蚕保育品种的茧丝长进行调查，平均丝长８４０ｍ，最长１２７３ｍ，最短３４４ｍ。各类品种中以中系二化品种最长，日系二化次之，多化最短。解舒率的调查结果是，平均值７９．４％，最高１００．Ｏ％，最低４１．５％，９０．０％以上的品种３１个。解舒率多化品种和日本系统品种较好，中系和欧系品种较差。平均解舒丝长６６３ｍ，最长１０４３ｍ，最短２７４ｍ。调查２１８个品种的净度，平均９３．９分，最高９９．２分，最低７６．７分，９８分以上的品种１８个，多化品种净度最好，二化品种次之，一化品种最差。调查了２００个品种的茧丝量，平均０．２３３克，最高０．３５４克，最低０．０７１克。以日系一化品种最高，二化品种次之，多化品种最低。     

Proteomics: A new tool in bovine claw disease research

Claw horn disruption (CHD) is a common underlying cause of lameness in dairy cattle which leads to compromised animal welfare and production losses. Despite an intense research effort over the last two decades, progress in reducing the prevalence of lameness due to CHD has been limited. In addition to current research strategies there is a need to develop novel approaches and methods that expand understanding of the disease mechanisms involved in CHD. The objectives of the present study were to explore the potential of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in mapping protein expression in three different bovine claw tissues, and to provide a relevant functional annotation of the proteins characterized in these tissues. LC-MS/MS was used to characterize protein expression in coronary band skin (C), claw dermal (D) and lamellar (L) tissues from two heifers. A total of 388 different proteins were identified, with 146 proteins available for identification in C, 279 proteins in D and 269 proteins in L. A functional annotation of the identified proteins was obtained using the on-line Blast2GO tool. Three hundred and sixteen of the identified proteins could be subsequently grouped manually to one or more of five major functional groups related to metabolism, cell structure, immunity, apoptosis and angiogenesis. These were chosen to represent basic cell functions and biological processes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of CHD. The LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis presented here is the largest published survey, so far, of the bovine claw tissue proteome.     

葡萄糖氧化酶基因在棉花中的高效转化——转化与抗性愈伤组织的诱导和筛选

试验探讨了利用农杆菌介导法把葡萄糖氧化酶基因（ＧＯ基因）转化到棉花中影响转化和抗性愈伤组织诱导的一些因素。结果表明,５～７ｄ 苗龄的无菌苗是做转化的最佳时期,以３Ｄ＋ ２Ｌ处理的无菌苗效果好。下胚轴的形态学部位对转化的影响差异不大。菌株的活力状态是影响转化出愈率的主要因素之一。以菌株的培养时间为依据简便有效。试验还发现,培养基的固化程度不同,出愈率有很大差异,固化程度高,异常愈伤组织增多,正常愈伤组织的出愈率降低。这可能与其活性氧平衡被打破对细胞造成伤害有关。对坑性愈伤组织的筛选次数也做了讨论。     

饲料碳水化合物水平对鳡幼鱼生长和体成分的影响

以白鱼粉、酪蛋白、鱼油和α-淀粉分别作为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物原料,配制等蛋白质(45%)、等脂肪(8%)、碳水化合物水平分别为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的6组饲料。饲养鳡幼鱼8周后测定其生长、体成分及肝糖原含量,初步探讨鳡对碳水化合物的利用能力。结果表明,20%组鱼体的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率最高(P<0.05)。高碳水化合物组表现较高的摄食率、脏体比、肝体比和肠脂比(P<0.05)。饲料碳水化合物水平的升高,增加了全鱼体干物质和粗脂肪的累积(P<0.05)。随着饲料碳水化合物水平的增加,鱼体的肝糖原储存量先增加、后降低,20%组达到最高(P<0.05)。综合试验结果分析,鳡可以在一定程度上利用淀粉类碳水化合物,但在饲料中添加量不宜超过20%,否则不利于鱼的健康生长。     

种间互作对苹果/白三叶复合系统根系生长及分布的影响

设置苹果(Malus demestica Borkh)和白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)单作与间作栽培处理,通过根箱试验研究种间互作对苹果、白三叶根系生长及其分布的影响。结果表明:种间互作导致苹果根系生长发育的正效应和白三叶根系生长发育的负效应;苹果、白三叶不同径级根系对种间互作的响应能力不同,细根比粗根表现出较强的可塑性;苹果细根占总根中的比例提高,而白三叶细根占总根中的比例则降低;种间互作对苹果、白三叶不同径级根垂直分布格局影响不明显,但对不同径级根在各土层中的分布比例产生了明显影响,苹果粗根和细根均有下移的趋势,细根下移的趋势更明显,而白三叶细根分布有上移的趋势,粗根则无明显变化。总之,种间互作对苹果、白三叶根系生长发育及其垂直分布产生了一定的影响,对不同径级根生长及其垂直分布的影响不同。     

Design and fabrication of a novel resonator for resonant accelerometer

A novel resonator for accelerometer with sensing and actuating combs was designed and fabricated based on micro electromechanical system (MEMS) process. Driving force and demand voltage of the resonator were analyzed by analytical method and Finite Element Method (FEM). Sensing capacitance on resonance state and Q factor under atmosphere was calculated by these two methods. The micro fabrication process was planned and realized using MEMS (Micro electromechanical System) method. The testing results show the performance of the resonator is high; the natural frequency of the resonator is 54 523.5 Hz, which has the error of 13.6％ with the theorical value.     

陕西小麦品种（系）脂肪氧化酶活性基因的遗传多态性分析

为给小麦品质改良提供理论依据,利用1A染色体上QLpx.caas1-AL位点的标记Xwmc312及基于4B染色体上TaLOX-B1位点开发的显性互补功能标记LOX16和LOX18,对173份陕西小麦品种(系)进行检测,分析LOX活性基因的遗传多态性。在QLpx.caas1-AL位点,所检测的陕西小麦品种(系)存在Xwmc312-227、Xwmc312-235和Xwmc312-247三种等位变异类型。其中,Xwmc312-227类型有54个,占31.21%;Xwmc312-235类型有31个,占17.92%;Xwmc312-247类型有88个,占50.87%。在TaLOX-B1位点,所检测的品种(系)存在TaLOX-B1a和TaLOX-B1b两种等位变异。其中,TaLOX-B1a类型有39个,占22.54%;TaLOX-B1b类型有134个,占77.46%。两个位点在陕西小麦中存在6种等位变异的组合类型,其总体分布比例不同,以Xwmc312-247/TaLOX-B1b组合类型品种(系)的分布比例最高(41.0%),其次为Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1b(19.6%)、Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-B1b(16.8%)、Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1a(11.6%)和Xwmc312-247/TaLOX-B1a(9.8%),而以Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-B1a组合类型品种(系)的分布比例最低(1.2%)。6种等位变异组合类型的分布比例在陕西不同麦区也存在差异。在陕西小麦中,低LOX活性等位变异品种(系)的比例明显高于高LOX活性等位变异品种。     

调水工程两部制水价风险分析

两部制水价能有效降低调水工程的经营风险,但也存在不安全因素。本文阐述了两部制水价实施过程中的风险来源;根据两部制水价的结构特征,提出利用总亏损率、短期亏损率、水价超额率以及总风险度来度量不同基本水量方案的风险程度。在核算供水成本的基础上,计算了在实际供水量不足的情况下,三种水价方案的风险程度,得出胶东调水工程的基本水量不宜超过设计供水量的20%的结论,并通过灵敏度分析证明该方案具有一定的抗风险能力。