PVC单、双壁波纹塑料管用作农田排水暗管比较研究

通过室内材料力学试验和水力学试验，对PVC单、双壁波纹塑料管有关性质进行了比较研究，试验结果表明：PVC双壁波纹塑料管的力学性质和水力学性质均较单壁波纹塑料管优越，适于作农田地下排水暗管。     

International and collaborative strategies to enhance genetic health in purebred dogs

Health problems in pedigree dogs have recently been highlighted in the media worldwide and verified internationally by cynological organisations. Collaborative actions are now needed to deal with both existing and future issues. In this article, potential roles for various stakeholders are discussed and the value of national and international platforms for collaborations is stressed. Development of specific strategies for action must be based on criteria of significance, such as severity, prevalence and inheritance, as well as availability of effective preventive measures. Assessment of options should be founded on evidence from appropriate populations-at-risk and consider broader issues, such as demographics and human-animal interactions. Existing data, such as those from insurance statistics and health surveys, should be used as a reference until representative national/international population-level breed-specific data are available. Key issues and challenges, as well as possible strategies to address them, are discussed.     

黄土高原区果园生草覆盖对土壤物理性状、水分及产量的影响

通过试验证明果园生草制是黄土高原地区果园土壤管理的一个行之有效的模式。果园生草覆盖区与对照相比土壤物理性状、水分及产量均有明显提高 ,直径 1 .0mm以上的土壤团粒增加了 1 0 .2 %～ 1 2 .2 % ,提高 60 .4%～ 72 .2 % ;土壤容重下降 0 .0 5～ 0 .1 3g/cm3,降低 4.2 %～1 0 .0 % ;土壤孔隙度增加 2 .5 %～ 5 .5 % ,提高 4.6%～ 1 0 .9% ;有机质增加 0 .1 9%～ 0 .5 7% ,提高 2 4.4%～ 73 .1 % ;0～ 2 0cm土壤水分增加 1 .7%～ 3 .0 % ,提高 1 6.7%～ 2 9.4% ;苹果产量和经济效益 ,提高幅度分别为 1 2 .73 %～ 3 1 .5 7%和 1 5 .1 7%～ 3 6.2 2 %。     

沙漠地区地中膜栽培实用技术研究

应用地中膜农业技术在吐鲁番沙地进行了蔬菜、小麦、棉花及瓜类作物种植试验 ,结果表明 ,蔬菜平均增产 64.9% ,小麦增产 65 .0 % ,瓜类增产 79.0 % ,各类作物每季平均节水分别为 10 6.2 % ,5 6 .3% ,162 .1%。正确使用地中膜农业技术可以增产、节水、节肥 ,地中膜技术是一项经济易行的沙漠改良技术     

不同降雨带上的土壤侵蚀状况分析

利用遥感和地理信息系统技术对我国不同降雨量等级下的土壤侵蚀情况进行了分析 ,结果表明 ,轻度以上水蚀的百分比和水蚀综合指数的最高值都出现在降雨量为 2 5 0～ 40 0 m m的半干旱、农牧交错区的带上 ,分别为 5 5 .7%和 182。风蚀综合指数、冻融侵蚀综合指数和土壤侵蚀综合指数的最高值分别为 6 40 ,192和 44 7,均出现在降雨量小于 2 0 0 mm的干旱地带上。在降雨量大于 16 0 0 mm的带上不存在冻融侵蚀。在湿润、潮湿和过湿的地带上主要以水蚀为主 ,均占 96 %以上。在半湿润地带上 ,水蚀也占优势 ,占 76 .1%。在半干旱地带上 ,水蚀、风蚀和冻融侵蚀接近于各占 30 %。在干旱地带上 ,以风蚀为主 ,占 5 8.6 %。     

Mercury in the Swedish mor layer — linkages to mercury deposition and sources of emission

The report deals with data from 363 Swedish mor samples. The following parameters are discussed: Hg-, organic and Se-concentrations and Hg-quantity in mor, Hg- and S-deposition from Swedish and continental emissions (point sources and diffuse emissions) and precipitation. The results are focused on mean, geographical variations, statistical correlations and calculations to get first insights and order of magnitude data on the linkages between the Hg-contamination of the Swedish mor layer and the various sources of Hg-emissions. Southern Sweden is significantly influenced by continental Hg-emissions. Several previously unknown domestic discharge sources of Hg have been identified. The total amount of Hg in the Swedish mor layer has been estimated to be about 615 t. East. Germany, United Kingdom, West Germany and Poland seem to have contributed with the largest continental emissions of Hg entering the Swedish mor layers. The countries which early started to build up their industry probably are responsible for greater Hg-contamination than indicated by our figures, and vice versa. If no measures are taken to reduce the emissions, the present contamination will continue. Then, the ‘burden of guilt’ ought to be redistributed so that a higher proportion of the Swedish Hg-contamination would be linked to continental discharges since considerable reductions have already occurred as regards Hg-discharges from large Swedish sources. The problems with elevated Hg-levels in the mor layer and, at the end point, the high concentrations of Hg in lake fish in Sweden, will remain far into the next century.     

Actinomycetes in organic mulch used in avocado plantations and their ability to suppress Phytophthora cinnamomi

Actinomycetes isolated from the organic mulch used in avocado plantations in Western Australia were studied to examine their ability to suppress Phytophthora cinnamomi. All the 1600 isolates tested inhibited the pathogen in vitro with inhibition rates of >0.5. The inhibition rates achieved by actinomycetes isolated from fresh and pathogen-infested mulch were not significantly different, but the isolates tested differed in their ability to suppress the pathogen and/or the disease. Some of the isolates that inhibited the pathogen were also harmful to plant growth.     

高寒牧区当年生人工混播草地建植试验

通过试验证明，在碌曲县高寒草甸草地区建立一年生人工草地，采取禾本科与豆科牧草混播，可明显提高草地产革量和牧草品质。由于草层结构合理，促进了产草量的提高，混播草地产草量较单播平均提高26％，差异极显著(P＜0．01)；混播处理茎叶比明显低于单播，其中燕麦抽穗期降低0．56，完熟期降低2．55，说明随着牧草生长期的延长，混播草地叶量明显增加，主要是由于箭筈豌豆的介入而使茎叶比显著降低，牧草品质变优。     

规模化肉牛育肥的青粗饲料供应体系

本文介绍了我国规模化养牛的制约因素和规模化养牛的青粗饲料供应体系。     

Diätetische Bewertung verschiedener in Ungarn angebauter Zucker- und Wassermelonensorten

Zusammenfassung Bei 7 der Sortenprüfung unterzogenen Zuckermelonen- und 6 Wassermelonensorten untersuchten Verfasser die Verteilung im Zucker- und Säuregehalt sowie den Gehalt an Vitamin C und Carotin.Beim gesamten Untersuchungsmaterial wurde die quantitative und qualitative Verteilung der Kohlenhydrate und Säuren bestimmt.Den Untersuchungsergebnissen gemäß erhöht sich bei Zuckermelonen der Saccharosegehalt, bei Wassermelonen der Fructosegehalt in Richtung des Fruchtinneren, wo auch sowohl bei Zucker-, wie bei Wassermelonen die meiste Säure nachweisbar ist.Auf Grund des Gehaltes an Kohlenhydraten, Säure, Vitamin C und Carotin wurden die verschiedenen Melonensorten auch diätetisch bewertet.

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Summary Seven types of sugar melon and 6 types of water melon applied in selection experiments in Hungary were examined by the authors as regards sugar content, nature and quantity of acids, further the contents of ascorbic acid and carotene.The nature and quantity of sugars and acids were determined in the flesh and in the peels of all types examined.According to the analytical results, the content of sucrose of sugar melons increases when nearing the centre whilst in the case of water melons, the content of fructose becomes higher in the central portion.The content of acid showed maximum values in the centre with both sugar and water melons.The examined types of melons were also evaluated from a biological aspect, considering the contents of sugar, acid, ascorbic acid and carotene.

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mit 2 Fig.