用Simulink实现柴油机的建模与仿真

提出了柴油机数学模型求解的边界条件。首次建立了基于Simulink的柴油机零维仿真模型 ,并对其进行仿真 ,仿真结果与实验结果较为吻合 ,论证了模型的正确性以及利用 Simulink进行柴油机建模与仿真的有效性     

Temporal and spatial dispersal of Thekopsora areolata basidiospores,aeciospores, and urediniospores

Cherry spruce rust causes huge yield losses in Norway spruce seed production in Fennoscandia. The causal agent, Thekopsora areolata, has three types of spores that disperse during spring: basidiospores are produced on basidia that grow out from teliospores in overwintered bird cherry leaf litter to infect new pistillate spruce cones, aeciospores are released from old diseased spruce cones to infect bird cherry leaves, and urediniospores are produced from new bird cherry leaves for reinfection. No study has examined the dispersal of T. areolata spores, including the basidiospores that cause primary infection in spruce cones. In this study, teliospores of T. areolata were germinated in the laboratory and the morphology of basidiospores was described. T. areolata spores were sampled in Ultuna, Sweden and Joutsa, Finland with 21 spore traps at each site. Peaks in aeciospores were observed from 11 to 25 May and from 2 to 8 June at the Finnish site, and from 4 to 18 May at the Swedish site. Urediniospores were first observed 2–3 weeks after the peaks in aeciospores and they were mainly distributed within 10 m from the bird cherry trees. Peaks of 1–2 weeks in basidiospore detection coincided with multiple rain events. The basidiospore peak overlapped with the spruce pollen peak in Finland but not in Sweden. The quantities of basidiospores from different spore traps within 100 m from the spore source had no gradient. Information on spatial and temporal spore release is important for making decisions on disease management strategies.     

双壁波纹塑料管用于粉细砂地层成井初步研究

研究表明,双壁波纹塑料管可用于粉细砂地层造井.为保证成井质量必须进行严格的工艺控制.选择合适的滤水结构与滤水管开孔率很重要,它关系到成井后能否达到一定的出水量.为提高成井质量和施工作业效率,还必须在施工工艺和管材加工方面进行一些改进.     

陕西小麦品种（系）籽粒黄色素含量基因的检测及其分布

为了解陕西小麦Psy-A1和Psy-B1位点控制籽粒黄色素含量基因的等位变异组成和分布,利用其功能标记YP7A、YP7A-2、YP7B-1、YP7B-2和YP7B-3,对176份陕西小麦品种(系)的2个位点等位变异进行检测与分析.结果表明,在Psy-A1位点,陕西小麦品种(系)存在2种等位变异,即Psy-A1a(高黄色素舍量)和Psy-A1b(低黄色素含量),各占50.0%,没有发现含Psy-A1c等位变异的品种(系);在Psy-B1位点,陕西小麦品种(系)内存在3种等住变异,其中以Psy-B1b(低黄色素含量)为主(65.3%),Psy-B1a(中等黄色素含量)次之(27.3%),Psy-B1c(高黄色素含量)较少(7.4%),没有发现舍Psy-B1d等位变异的品种(系).不同变异组合类型的平均分布比例表现不同,Psy-A1b/Psy-B1b组合类型所占的比例最高,为39.2%;其次是Psy-A1a/Psy-B1b组合类型,为26.1%;组合Psy-A1a/Psy-B1a(17.6%)、Psy-A1b/Psy-B1a(9.7%)和Psy-A1a/Psy-B1c(6.3%)比例较低,Psy-A1b/Psy-B1c(1.1 %)所占比例最低.不同地区不同等位变异及其组合类型的分布比例不同.总体来看,陕西小麦品种(系)中低黄色素含量的等住变异类型所占的比例较高.陕西不同地区育种目标和种植要求的差异,造成了不同地区小麦品种黄色素含量基因组成的不同.本研究所用分子标记扩增出的PCR奈带清晰,且稳定性好,可作为小麦黄色素含量分子标记辅助选择的有效工具.     

Attempts on artificial induction of sexual maturation of sterlet ( Acipenser ruthenus ) and identification of late spermatogenesis stage in hermaphroditic fish

Most of the 27 species of sturgeons are endangered or close to extinction which is connected to habitat degradation, water pollution and overfishing. Conservation programmes are facing the problem of late maturation which can be reached between 5 and 11 years depending on the species and gender. The aim of our study was to investigate the possibility of shortening the sexual maturation using hormonal administration, and measure the blood serum hormone content to distinguish different genders and maturation stages. There was no effect of a 20-week-long hormonal treatment (10 mg carp pituitary/bodyweight kg/week) on the sexual maturation. The number of females was relatively high (67.6% n = 23) and the number of males was relatively low (11.8%, n = 4). Moreover, the number of hermaphroditic fish was surprisingly high (20.6%, n = 7) and appeared independently from hormone administration. Hermaphroditic fish had fully developed spermatozoa and could be distinguished by the increased level of testosterone hormone in blood serum.     

黄河干流宁蒙段渔业资源调查及保护对策

为了解黄河干流宁蒙段渔业资源现状,于2007年10月对这一河段的饵料生物资源和鱼类资源进行了调查,重点是浮游生物种类组成及数量变化、鱼类区系特点和渔获物组成分析。结果表明：黄河干流宁蒙段浮游生物种类和数量偏少,鱼类资源量呈下降趋势;然后,通过查询相关资料和结合本次调查结果,分析讨论了黄河干流宁蒙段鱼类资源衰退的主要原因,并且为这一河段的鱼类种质资源保护和渔业资源可持续利用提出合理性建议。     

Heavy metal deposition in Scandinavia

Maps showing the regional differences in the atmospheric deposition of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe have been prepared for Finland, Norway and Sweden from data obtained by means of moss analysis, a method previously shown to be a sensitive and reliable tool in measuring heavy metal deposition. In all elements the minima were recorded in northern Norway, the maxima in south-central or south-western Sweden and southernmost Norway. The greatest regional differences were measured in Pb and Cd.     

好氧反硝化菌对水质和鱼体饲喂效果的影响研究

以好氧反硝化菌株Bacillus sp.H2作为供试菌株,从水质指标、鱼体生长指标和免疫指标3方面全面考察菌株Bacillussp.H2作为水质改良剂对养殖水体和鱼体饲喂效果的影响。研究表明,菌株Bacillus sp.H2对水体亚硝态氮的平均降解率达到64.04%,总氮最终降解率达到16.0%,COD的最终降解率达到32.39%,未对水体pH产生明显影响;鲤的饲料系数降低18.9%,增重率提高41.55%,饲料蛋白质效率提高24.13%,均达到显著性差异(P<0.05);血清溶菌酶活性提高334.65%,差异显著(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶活性较对照组提高4.38%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,菌株Bacillussp.H2不仅可以显著改善水质条件,而且可以提高鱼体的饲喂效果。     

上海市农村典型河道水体富营养化调查与评价

2009年7月至2010年5月以叶绿素a、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数和氨氮等为主要水质指标,选用营养状态指数生物指示法对上海市7个周边区的16条农村河道的水环境质量进行了分析和评价。结果表明,所有被调查的河道均已经达到富营养化,按4项主要水质指标评价,16条农村河道已无I类水。秋冬季15条河道总氮含量处于劣Ⅴ类水质,夏季也有10条处在这个水平;总磷含量呈现劣Ⅴ类水的河道在冬季明显较多,达到13条,夏季次之为7条,而秋季大约有9条河的总磷含量处在Ⅲ类水;氨氮含量在春冬季分别有9条和10条河道处在劣Ⅴ类,但夏季有9条河道氨氮处在Ⅲ类或Ⅱ类;河道的高锰酸盐指数全年基本处于Ⅳ类水。调查还发现同一河道在一年中的盐度也有变化,冬季河水的盐度相对较高,最高能达到1.6。科学地分析水体污染状况,采取相应措施加强对农村河道的管理,控制水体的进一步恶化已经到了刻不容缓的地步。     

乌江泉水鱼个体生殖力的研究

2011年3-6月和9-12月,在乌江思林江段采集性腺达Ⅲ期的泉水鱼(Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus)雌鱼个体,测量了卵径,并研究了其个体生殖力及其与多项生物学指标的关系,调查样本由1+～3+龄组成.结果表明,泉水鱼的绝对生殖力(F)平均值为3 606粒,体长相对生殖力(FL)平均值为19.4粒/mm,体重相对生殖力(FW)平均为27.0粒/g;个体绝对生殖力和体长相对生殖力与体重和净体重均呈二次函数相关,与性腺重呈幂函数相关,体重相对生殖力与性腺重和成熟系数分别呈幂函数和对数函数相关.依据卵径频数分布结果推测,泉水鱼属于分批产卵鱼类.