基于WebGIS的数字农业园区信息系统研究

针对农业园区生产管理和服务的需求,开发了基于WebGIS的数字农业园区信息系统.系统采用Openlayers开发WebGIS前端,实现地理图形展示绘制和属性处理等功能,以Geoserver和PostGIS作为地图服务器,MySQL为业务数据库系统,采用Java开发服务器管理端应用系统,实现了农业园区生产的数字化管理、分析和信息服务.该系统功能模块包括资源维护、业务管理、统计信息、农技信息服务和系统管理,目前,该系统已在江西省农业科学院高安农业园区示范应用.结果表明:该系统可实现农业园区的高效管理和农技服务的信息透明,对转变农业生产和管理方式具有重要意义.     

叶面喷施生物刺激素对番茄幼苗高温胁迫的减缓效应

为探明生物刺激素在缓解番茄幼苗高温伤害中的作用及相关生理机制,以耐热番茄品种‘LA2093’、中等耐热番茄品种‘硬粉8号’和热敏感番茄品种‘LA2683’为试验材料,研究高温胁迫下叶面喷施3种不同种类的生物刺激素(海藻提取物、壳寡糖、矿源黄腐酸)对番茄幼苗生长和相关生理指标的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施适宜种类和浓度的生物刺激素可以有效缓解高温胁迫对番茄幼苗带来的伤害。具体表现为:幼苗叶片萎蔫程度减轻,整株死亡现象减少,热害指数相比高温对照(HT)显著降低,降幅最高可达72.9%,植株的生物量也显著增加;同时,叶片的电解质渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,最高降幅分别为26.8%和58.9%;脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,最高增幅分别为52.5%和19.0%。在高温胁迫下,生物刺激素通过增强番茄幼苗的渗透调节系统功能,缓解了膜脂过氧化的伤害,从而缓解高温对幼苗生长的抑制作用。不同生物刺激素的作用效果与番茄品种特性及其处理浓度有关。由此建议,在生产上叶面喷施100mg/L矿源黄腐酸缓解番茄幼苗高温伤害。     

甜菜夜蛾幼虫龄数和龄期的测定

甜菜夜蛾[Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)]属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)夜蛾科(Noctuidae),是芦笋、番茄、棉花、萝卜、玉米等植物上的重要害虫。明确该虫幼虫的龄数和龄期,可为其预测预报和科学防治提供依据。对甜菜夜蛾幼虫各龄期的头壳宽度、体长和体重进行测量,并根据频次分布图、戴氏定律、Crosby生长法则和回归分析推断和验证甜菜夜蛾幼虫的虫龄数。结果显示,甜菜夜蛾1~5龄幼虫的头壳宽度范围分别为0.21~0.30、0.40~0.49、0.65~0.75、1.05~1.15、1.65~1.80 mm,频次分布呈现出5个明显的集中区域;1~5龄幼虫的体长范围分别为1.0~3.1、2.5~6.5、4.0~10.0、5.0~15.0、11.0~27.0 mm,各龄期体长出现重叠,频次分布集中区域不明显;1~5龄幼虫的体重范围分别为0.025~0.567、0.200~6.000、1.100~15.200、6.200~65.600、32.900~275.200 mg。结果表明,试验条件下甜菜夜蛾幼虫共5龄,幼虫头壳宽度可作为分龄指标,而幼虫体长和体重在各龄期出现较大程度的重叠,不宜作为分龄指标。     

后基因组时代基于选择导入系的水稻设计育种策略

近年来,水稻基因组学的发展突飞猛进,但如何将这些研究成果（丰富的基因组变异及功能基因克隆等）有效应用到复杂农艺性状的精准改良仍是设计育种面临的重大挑战和科学难题。经过多年实践证明,选择导入育种（breeding by selective introgression, BBSI）是有效解决这些问题的方法,这是一套基于精准遗传信息进行基因挖掘并同步改良多个复杂性状的设计育种策略。其主要包括：①构建大量携带优异性状的回交导入系群体,作为BBSI的材料平台;②基于全基因组测序和关联分析,构建精准的遗传信息平台;③通过设计“理想目标基因组型（ideal target genomic constitutions, ITGC）”和基因聚合方法,高效培育目标优良品种。介绍了BBSI的发展历程及在分子设计育种中的有效运用,尤其是如何利用分子数量遗传理论和全基因组变异来验证并丰富该策略,计划实施20年来已育成近百个绿色超级稻（green super rice, GSR）新品种,为后基因组时代作物育种的创新发展提供了重要理论和实践参考。     

射干种子萌发抑制物特性研究

探讨射干种子休眠原因,研究其内源抑制物质的存在部位及其特性,可以为射干种子休眠机理与破休眠技术的深入研究奠定基础,为射干种苗高效繁育提供参考.观察记录射干种子的形态结构后,将其置于蒸馏水中浸泡,定时取出称重,测定射干种子的吸水规律;在花盆中分别播种去皮和带皮的射干种子,观察其萌发情况;采用培养皿滤纸法,以蒸馏水处理为对照(CK),研究不同浓度的射干种皮浸提液和胚乳浸提液对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:射干种子外覆致密的黑色种皮,种子吸水速率呈先快后慢的变化,种皮透水性良好,不存在吸水障碍;射干去皮种子的发芽率和发芽势均显著高于带皮种子,种皮中可能存在影响种子萌发的抑制物质.射干种皮浸取液处理小麦种子后,38 h内明显抑制小麦种子萌发,且对小麦种子的萌发具有延后作用;并显著抑制小麦幼苗植株和根的生长,且浸提液浓度越高,对小麦种子萌发的延后作用以及抑制幼苗株高和根系生长的影响越明显.射干胚乳浸提液对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长无显著影响.射干种子种皮内存在种子萌发抑制物,该抑制物具有延缓种子萌发和抑制幼苗生长的作用.     

鲤病毒病原的感染性测定

为查明养殖鲤（Cyprinus carpio）突然大批发病死亡的原因，对鲤病样品进行了细胞攻毒、空斑测定、电镜观察，以及鱼体感染等实验。先以患病鲤的组织匀浆液，经过滤后，分别接种到草鱼鳍条细胞（GCF）、鲤上皮瘤细胞（EPC）等14种培养细胞中。利用倒置显微镜观察显示，在1-2d内，该病鱼组织匀浆液可使其中9种细胞出现典型的细胞病变。收集出现病变的细胞液（即病毒悬液），进一步进行病毒滴度检测、空斑测定和鱼体感染实验。结果显示，在GCF细胞上的病毒滴度为10^7.3TCID50／mL；在FHM，TSB和GCO等细胞中可产生直径1～4mm的圆形空斑，空斑的大小与宿主细胞的种类和接种的病毒浓度有关。通过对感染细胞制备的超薄切片和病毒负染样品进行电镜观察，显示这是一类呈典型子弹头样的弹状病毒颗粒。感染了病毒悬液的鲫和鲤先后在第2天和第3天开始出现病症，间隔1～2d后发病的鱼开始死亡，至第14天，两种感染鱼的死亡率均达到83．3％。收集人工感染后濒死的鲫和鲤，分别制备组织匀浆液，回接感染鱼类培养细胞，24h内能使其出现与原发病鲤组织匀浆液所引起的类似的细胞病变。因此证实患病鲤是由病毒病原感染所致。[中国水产科学，2006，13（4）：617—623]     

The effects of dietary fermented wheat bran polysaccharides on mucosal and serum immune parameters,hepatopancreas antioxidant indicators,and immune-related gene expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles

Aquaculture research has focused on polysaccharides as they are among the most promising new-generation immunostimulant used to control aquatic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of fermented wheat bran polysaccharides (FWBPs) on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Carps were fed different FWBP amounts (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%) for 8 weeks and then their skin mucus and serum immune parameters, hepatopancreas antioxidant indicators, and immune-related gene expression in the intestines, kidneys, and spleen were measured. The skin mucus IgM levels significantly increased in 0.1% FWBP group, but decreased in 0.4% FWBP group. The skin mucus protease and the serum alkaline phosphatase activities increased significantly in the 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4% FWBP groups, respectively. The serum total Ig levels increased noticeably in the 0.1% and 0.2% FWBP groups. The highest and lowest serum lysozyme activities were observed in the 0.1% and 0.4% FWBP groups, respectively. The hepatopancreatic total superoxide dismutase activity was higher in the 0.1% FWBP group than in the control. The malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in the 0.2% and 0.4% groups. The intestinal mRNA levels of the LZM-C and IL-10 genes were significantly higher in the 0.2% than in the 0.4% FWBP group; TNF-α was significantly upregulated in the 0.1% group. The gene expression in the kidneys did not differ significantly among the treatments, except for a significant increase in the IL-10 expression in the 0.1% treatment. Significantly elevated expression of LZM-C in 0.2% group and IL-10 in 0.1% group was observed in the spleens. TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly downregulated in the 0.4% group. These results suggest that FWBPs could be used as immunostimulant feed additives in common carp cultures.

     

Evaluation of adverse reactions in dogs following intravenous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

Background

Recent studies have assessed the therapeutic potential and drawbacks of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The adverse reactions of intravenous transplantation of bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs were examined at varying doses and frequencies of administration.Nine healthy beagle dogs were purchased from a commercial laboratory. The dogs were distributed equally (n = 3 per group) and randomly into three groups. All dogs received allogeneic BM-derived MSCs: 2 × 10⁶ once (group A), 2 × 10⁷ once (group B), and 2 × 10⁶ for three consecutive days (group C). Various laboratory examinations, multi-detector computed tomography features and histopathology were evaluated to clarify the clinical and diagnostic features of adverse reactions of MSCs administration, prior to receiving MSCs (pre procedure) and on days 1, 3, and 7 post transplantation.

Results

Only one dog had clinical signs during and after MSCs transplantation. Dogs receiving 2 × 10⁶ MSCs showed increased numbers of lymphocytes but the total white blood cell counts were not elevated (P < 0.01). Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) revealed pulmonary parenchymal changes in one dog and histopathologic examination revealed pulmonary parenchymal edema and hemorrhage in four dogs. The presence of pulmonary thromboembolism was not detected in either examination.

Conclusions

We considered the presence of pulmonary edema and hemorrhage as possible adverse reactions after intravenous MSCs transplantation; however these results should be cautiously interpreted.     

Characterization of culture supernatant proteins from Brucella abortus and its protection effects against murine brucellosis

In this study, we characterized the secreted proteins of Brucella abortus into the enriched media under the bacterial laboratory growth condition and investigated the pathogenic importance of culture supernatant (CS) proteins to B. abortus infection. CS proteins from stationary phase were concentrated and analyzed using 2D electrophoresis. In MALDI TOF/TOF analysis, more than 27 proteins including CuZn SOD, Dps, Tat, OMPs, Adh, LivF, Tuf, SucC, GroEL and DnaK were identified. Cytotoxic effects of CS proteins were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells. Upon B. abortus challenge into phagocytes, however, CS proteins pre-treated cells exhibited lower bacterial uptake and intracellular replication compared to untreated cells. Immunization with CS proteins induced a strong humoral and cell mediated immune responses and exhibited significant higher degree of protection against virulence of B. abortus infection compared to mice immunized with Brucella broth protein (BBP). Taken together, these results indicate that B. abortus secreted a number of soluble immunogenic proteins under laboratory culture condition, which can promote antibody production resulted in enhancing host defense against to subsequently bacterial infection. Moreover, further analysis of CS proteins may help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of B. abortus infection and host–pathogen interaction.     

Characterization of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BetB) as an essential virulence factor of Brucella abortus

The pathogenic mechanisms of Brucellosis used to adapt to the harsh intracellular environment of the host cell are not fully understood. The present study investigated the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of B. abortus betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BetB) (Gene Bank ID: 006932) using a betB deletion mutant constructed from virulent B. abortus 544. In test under stress conditions, including osmotic- and acid stress-resistance, the betB mutant had a lower osmotic-resistance than B. abortus wild-type. In addition, the betB mutant showed higher internalization rates compared to the wild-type strain; however, it also displayed replication failures in HeLa cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages. During internalization, compared to the wild-type strain, the betB mutant was more adherent to the host surface and showed enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinases, two processes that promote phagocytic activity, in host cells. During intracellular trafficking, colocalization of B. abortus-containing phagosomes with LAMP-1 was elevated in betB mutant-infected cells compared to the wild-type cells. In mice, the betB mutant was predominantly cleared from spleens compared to the wild-type strain after 2 weeks post-infection, and the vaccination test with the live betB mutant showed effective protection against challenge infection with the virulent wild-type strain. These findings suggested that the B. abortus betB gene substantially affects the phagocytic pathway in human phagocytes and in host cells in mice. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential use of the B. abortus betB mutant as a live vaccine for the control of brucellosis.