ods a guarantee for that matter.The pape

es and application of several major assessment methods,including assessment of the major components,assessment of hierarchical levels,assessment of coefficients of functional efficiency,holistic analysis and judgment and assessment based on compari     

黑龙江春玉米种植区高产品种籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及产量分析

为了研究不同高产玉米品种在黑龙江春玉米区种植的可行性,以‘先玉335’和‘郑单958’为试材,通过对比分析,探讨2个品种在该地区种植的灌浆和脱水特性。结果表明,‘先玉335’灌浆迅速,生理性脱水快,产量高;‘郑单958’灌浆持续期略长,前期和中期灌浆速率较‘先玉335’慢,但后期灌浆速率和自然性脱水速率都快,产量较高。从气温和降雨特点来看,在黑龙江春玉米种植区部分积温较高地区,可考虑将‘郑单958’作为品种更替及多样化的备选材料。     

Assessment of genetic diversity within and among Basmati and non-Basmati rice varieties using AFLP,ISSR and SSR markers

Molecular markers provide novel tools to differentiate between the various grades of Basmati rice, maintain fair-trade practices and to determine its relationship with other rice groups in Oryza sativa. We have evaluated the genetic diversity and patterns of relationships among the 18 rice genotypes representative of the traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati and non-Basmati (indica and japonica) rice varieties using AFLP, ISSR and SSR markers. All the three marker systems generated higher levels of polymorphism and could distinguish between all the 18 rice cultivars. The minimum number of assay-units per system needed to distinguish between all the cultivars was one for AFLP, two for ISSR and five for SSR. A total of 171 (110 polymorphic), 240 (188 polymorphic) and 160 (159 polymorphic) bands were detected using five primer combinations of AFLP, 25 UBC ISSR primers and 30 well distributed, mapped SSR markers, respectively. The salient features of AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data analyzed using clustering algorithms, principal component analysis, Mantel test and AMOVA analysis are as given below: (i) the two traditional Basmati rice varieties were genetically distinct from indica and japonica rice varieties and invariably formed a separate cluster, (ii) the six Basmati varieties developed from various indica × Basmati rice crosses and backcrosses were grouped variably depending upon the marker system employed; CSR30 and Super being more closer to traditional Basmati followed by HKR228, Kasturi, Pusa Basmati 1 and Sabarmati, (iii) AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data-sets showed moderate levels of positive correlation (Mantel test, r = 0.42–0.50), and (iv) the partitioning of the variance among and within rice groups (traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati, indica and japonica) using AMOVA showed greater variation among than within groups using SSR data-set, while reverse was true for both ISSR and AFLP data-sets. The study emphasizes the need for using a combination of different marker systems for a comprehensive genetic analysis of Basmati rice germplasm. The high-level polymorphism generated by SSR, ISSR and AFLP assays described in this study shall provide novel markers to differentiate between traditional Basmati rice supplies from cheaper cross-bred Basmati and long-grain non-Basmati varieties at commercial level.The first two authors have equal contribution     

Free and bound air in soil aggregates

The total content of air entrapped, adsorbed, dissolved, and occurring as bubbles in soil water is termed “bound soil air.” The content of free soil air is determined from the difference between the total and bound soil air. Data on the content of free and bound air in different-sized aggregates of calcareous coarse silty-clayey meadow alluvial soil in the Dnestr River floodplain are presented. The effect of density, aeration, and sand and straw addition on the content of the free and bound air in soil aggregates was shown. A classification of aggregates based on their density and the content of the free, bound, and total soil air was proposed.     

嘉陵江上游低山暴雨区不同水土保持林结构模式水源涵养效益研究

水土保持林的水源涵养效益是研究森林防止水土流失的一个热点问题。以20世纪80年代末期营造和自然恢复的湿地松林、桤柏混交林、刺槐(灌木)林 、刺槐林 和桤木林为研究对象,选择林冠截留、土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤贮水能力、土壤渗透性和枯落物持水性,作为研究不同水土保持林结构模式水源涵养效益的指标,对不同水土保持林的水源涵养机理和水源涵养效益进行了较深入的研究。结果表明,各水土保持林的水源涵养能力均明显高于农耕地;不同水土保持林结构模式的水源涵养效益也有较大差异。最后提出了桤柏混交林、湿地松林、桤木林等优良水土保持林结构模式,为当地的生态环境建设,特别是当前正在进行的退耕还林工程的模式选择提供了依据。     

CO_2浓度、氮素和水分对春小麦碳素固定的影响

试验设350μmolmol-1和700μmolmol-12种CO2浓度水平,湿润、干旱2种水分处理和施N0、50、100、150和200mgkg-15个水平。结果表明,CO2浓度增加,春小麦地上部碳固定量和碳固定总量均增加,但与氮肥施用水平有关。在中氮和高氮时,CO2浓度增高,地上部碳固定量和碳固定总量明显增加,而不施氮肥和低氮时,增加则不明显。不同水分处理地上部碳固定量和碳固定总量也没有明显差别,这表明,CO2浓度升高对氮素和水分胁迫及对春小麦碳固定并没有补偿作用。     

Hepatoprotective and TNF-α inhibitory activity of Zosima absinthifolia extracts and coumarins

Zosima absinthifolia (ZA) extracts and the coumarins (+)-columbianadin and (-)-deltoin were evaluated for their potential hepatoprotective and antiinflamatory effects in a CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity assay in rats and by the inhibition of TNF-α production on LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages, respectively. Both the ZA extracts and the coumarins showed hepatoprotective activity confirmed by monitoring the ALT/AST levels and by histopathological examination. The antiinflamatory activity, proved by the inhibition of TNF-α production, was found to be higher for the n-hexane root extract than for coumarins, suggesting synergic potential of the extract. The concentration of (-)-deltoin and (+)-columbianadin in extracts was determined by HPLC analysis.     

Heavy metals in the soil-crop system

Data on the bulk contents of heavy metals in polluted soils are not quite suitable to judge the ecological situation in an agrocenosis. According to the results of model experiments with artificial contamination of soil, the flux of zinc and lead from the starting point (from a medium loamy leached chernozem) to the final point (wheat grains) sharply decreases. It is possible to obtain an ecologically pure (uncontaminated) grain yield even on a strongly contaminated soil due to the buffering capacity of the latter and due to the self-protective capacity of agricultural crops. The ecological potential of the soil-crop system is formed mostly at the expense of the buffering capacity of soil to heavy metals; the barrier function of plants is less significant. It is argued that the existing ecological standards based on the total contents of heavy metals in soil are of little use for predicting the quality of crops.     

2006年度山西省水土保持十件大事

1省委副书记、省长于幼军带队调研岚县阳湾流域淤地坝工程9月13日,省委副书记、省长于幼军带领省政府有关领导及省水利厅有关处室负责人和水利专家,专程调研了岚县阳湾流域淤地坝工程。在调研中,于省长充分肯定了淤地坝在防洪减灾、拦泥造地、提高降水利用率、促进退耕还林等方     

不同种植方式对超级稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响

为探明不同种植方式下高产水稻的籽粒灌浆特性,以超级稻品种淮稻9号和III优98为材料,应用Richards方程W=A/(1+Be^–Kt)^1/N对旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式水稻强、弱势粒的灌浆过程进行了比较研究。结果表明,(1)不同种植方式下,超级稻产量差异极显著,手栽最高,机插次之,直播最低。与手栽和机插相比,直播的千粒重和结实率显著降低,而手栽和机插之间千粒重和结实率的变化因品种类型而异。(2)不同种植方式下超级稻强、弱势粒灌浆特征为明显的异步灌浆型。强势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间(T_max)早,最大灌浆速率(GR_max)、平均灌浆速率(GR_mean)以及终极生长量(A)和起始生长势(R₀)均明显大于弱势粒,而活跃灌浆期(D)和有效灌浆时间(T₉₉)明显小于弱势粒。(3)与手栽和机插相比,直播强势粒的GR_max和GR_mean显著降低,T_max明显延迟,D、T₉₉显著增加。弱势粒的GR_max和GR_mean机插最大,手栽略小于直播,T_max直播最早,机插次之,手栽最迟,D、T₉₉手栽、机插、直播依次减少。(4)籽粒灌浆阶段特征方面,平均灌浆速率和贡献率均以中期最大,中期的贡献率强势粒和弱势粒分别达到60.53%和50.78%,不同种植方式间前、中、后各期在灌浆持续天数、平均灌浆速率和贡献率上的差异因粒位不同而异。(5)千粒重与强、弱势粒的GR_max、GR_mean和D呈正相关,且与弱势粒的灌浆速率(GR_max和GR_mean)显著相关,结实率与强、弱势粒的灌浆参数除强势粒的D外,均不显著相关。说明不同种植方式对超级稻的籽粒灌浆特性有明显影响,虽均为异步灌浆型,但其强、弱势粒的最大灌浆速率及到达最大灌浆速率的时间等灌浆特征参数均差异较大,在保持籽粒最终生长量和结实率稳定的条件下,提高籽粒的灌浆速率,特别是弱势粒的灌浆速率,对提高千粒重有重要的作用。