川西北生态环境恶化综合治理能化害为利

通过川西北12县调查,由于森林严重破坏,与日俱增的工业污染,进一步加剧了长江上游生态环境恶化。建议:1.把恢复长江上游生态平衡提到国家总体战略高度,予以重视,2.提高该地区森林覆盖度,是恢复长江上游生态平衡的基础;3.加速开发水力资源,以电护林,以林涵水,是恢复生态平衡的根本大计;4.加强综合治理和综合利用,化害为利。     

安塞实验区水土保持经济效益的预测及其最佳因素

影响安塞实验区水土保持经济效益的主要因素是人口数量、副业收入、水土保持状况和农林牧业用地面积等。用灰色模型GM(1,1)的预测结果说明。实验区的每人平均总产值在1986—2001年将以4.2%的年增长率稳步发展;关联度的分析结果指出,每人平均总产值同生产力、副业收入、林业用地面积、水土保持状况和牧业用地面积成正相关,同农业用地面积成负相关。要使实验区的总产值或每人平均总产值达到最大,必须增加生产力和提高人口素质,大力发展副业,使林业用地面积占可用地面积的百分数不少于30%,农地占可用地面积的25%左右,使农林牧副等生产结构趋于合理化。     

The association of diet and other lifestyle factors with the onset of overactive bladder: a longitudinal study in men

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between diet and non-dietary lifestyle factors and the onset of overactive bladder (OAB) in men. SUBJECTS: Random sample of community-dwelling men aged 40 years plus. DESIGN AND METHODS: Baseline data on urinary symptoms and diet were collected from 5454 men using a postal questionnaire and a food-frequency questionnaire. Follow-up data on urinary symptoms were collected from 4887 men in a postal survey one year later. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate diet and lifestyle factors associated with onset of OAB in the men without OAB at baseline. RESULTS: There was a highly significant negative association between beer intake at baseline and subsequent OAB onset (P=0.001), with reduced risk at all levels of intake compared with those who seldom/never drank beer. Adjustment for total alcohol intake (g ethanol day(-1)) reduced the significance of the association (P=0.02). None of the food groups studied was associated with OAB onset, with the possible exception of potatoes (P=0.05), which showed an increased risk of onset at the highest level of consumption. Physical activity, smoking and obesity were not significantly associated. CONCLUSIONS: While most diet and lifestyle factors were not associated with OAB onset, the evidence from this prospective longitudinal study suggests that beer may have a protective role in the development of OAB. This could be due to a non-alcoholic ingredient as well as the alcohol content.     

三菱定位单元在5工位钻攻组机上的应用

介绍了三菱FX-10GM定位单元应用于5工位钻攻组合机床的电气控制过程。从设计方案到硬件与软件的组合概述了定位单元的控制原理。通过对机床的调试表明,三菱定位单元适合用于较高精度、经济型的设备。     

证据理论在泵站老化评价中的应用

为了提高泵站老化等级确定的可信度,建立基于证据理论的泵站老化评价模型.以2座典型泵站为例,提取各项老化指标信息,请3位专家按照老化评价标准,对指标体系中的最底层指标,在每个老化等级上进行单独评分,并且经可信度归一化处理,每个评分作为一条证据,按照Dempster合成法则计算,得到每个最底层指标在识别框架上的可信度分配;然后,每个最底层指标在识别框架上的可信度分配作为一条证据,按照Dempster合成法则及带权重的证据理论合成公式层层计算,得到泵站的综合管理、机电设备、建筑物、金属结构以及泵站整体在识别框架上的可信度分配;最后按照给定公式,计算评分并确定老化等级.与应用模糊层次综合评价模型计算的结果比较,在识别框架上,除了出现难以解决的证据冲突的情况外,同一指标的最大可信度平均是最大模糊隶属度的2.4倍,且两者对应的老化等级相同,应用证据理论可以提高泵站老化等级确定的可信度;合成证据前,对每条证据进行归一化处理,可以较好地解决合成过程中出现合成信度大于1的异常情况.     

甘肃历史时期干旱、饥荒和虫害相关性研究及应对策略建议

根据中国甘肃省近3000年干旱、饥荒、虫害的历史资料,系统研究了甘肃省干旱的历史发生规律及其产生的影响。结果显示:甘肃省历史时期旱灾频繁且有愈演愈烈的趋势,干旱与饥荒存在较为明显的正相关,干旱引发的虫害也会加重饥荒,同时,由干旱引发的一系列问题会导致社会秩序的不稳定,在古代就表现为朝代的更替及战争。作者建议,随着全球气候变暖,甘肃省的生计将受到更加严重的影响,气候变化导致的贫困问题会进一步加剧,社区应对气候变化的政策措施需要决策机构给予尽早关注。