Expanded HIV-1 cellular tropism by phenotypic mixing with murine endogenous retroviruses

In view of the current interest in in vivo murine models for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and endogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related retroviruses was investigated with a human leukemic T cell line (PF-382x) that acquired xenotropic MuLV (X-MuLV) after in vivo passage in immunosuppressed mice. Despite similar levels of membrane CD4 expression and HIV-1 125I-labeled gp 120 binding, a dramatic acceleration in the time course of HIV-1 infection was observed in PF-382x compared to its X-MuLV-negative counterpart (PF-382). Moreover, PF-382 cells coinfected by X-MuLV and HIV-1 generated a progeny of phenotypically mixed viral particles, enabling HIV-1 to productively infect a panel of CD4- human cells, including B lymphoid cells and purified normal peripheral blood CD4-/CD8+ T lymphocytes. Mixed viral phenotypes were also produced by human CD4+ T cells coinfected with an amphotropic MuLV-related retrovirus (A-MuLV) and HIV-1. These data show that endogenous MuLV acquired by human cells transplanted into mice can significantly interact with HIV-1, thereby inducing important alterations of HIV-1 biological properties.     

Risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection among laboratory workers

In a prospective cohort study of 265 laboratory and affiliated workers, one individual with no recognized risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was HIV-1 seropositive at the time of entry into the study. Molecular analyses of two HIV-1 isolates derived in two independent laboratories from a blood sample from this worker showed that the isolates were indistinguishable from a genotypic form of HIV-1 present in the H9/HTLV-IIIB cell line. Exposure to this strain of virus most probably occurred during work with concentrated virus or culture fluids from virus-producing cell lines under standard Biosafety Level 3 containment. Although no specific incident leading to this infection has been identified, undetected skin contact with virus culture supernatant might have occurred. This worker was the only one found to be positive among the subgroup of 99 workers who shared a work environment involving exposure to concentrated virus. The incidence rate of 0.48 per 100 person-years exposure indicates that prolonged laboratory exposure to concentrated virus is associated with some risk of HIV-1 infection, which is comparable to the risk for health care workers experiencing a needle stick exposure. While none of the ten workers with parenteral exposure to HIV-1 in this cohort became infected, a worker in another laboratory did seroconvert following an injury with a potentially contaminated needle. Strict Biosafety Level 3 containment and practices should be followed when working with concentrated HIV-1 preparations, and further refinement of the procedures may be necessary.     

县级土地利用管理决策支持系统的研制

根据我国县级土地管理部门的实际需求，进行了县级土地利用管理决策支持系统的研制。本系统是由空间数据库、属性数据库、数学模型库、辅助决策服务子系统和人机交互界面等部分组成，系统设计时充分考虑了国家的规范和用户要求。该系统通过浙江省瑞安市的试运行，证明能够满足县级土地管理部门的实际需求，具有在全国各县推广应用的广阔前景。     

江苏省蚕豆种质鉴定和评价利用

江苏省蚕豆种质资源丰富。本所通过农艺性状、抗病性、抗逆性鉴定和营养成份测定 ,对其种质作出评价 ,并对其中 7个品种进行重点评述和推荐。     

盐酸克伦特罗单克隆抗体的制备及其特性

以戊二醛法将盐酸克伦特罗 (Clenbuterol,CL)连接到牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)上制备抗原(BSA -CL) ,并以BSA -CL免疫Balb/c小鼠 ,应用杂交瘤技术将免疫鼠脾细胞与NS0细胞融合 ,建立分泌CL单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。通过对杂交瘤细胞培养上清的检测、鉴定 ,筛选出 1 7株高亲和力的杂交瘤细胞株 ,其中C - 4C9、C - 2D6、C - 4G1和C - 2H6的培养上清ELISA效价为 1∶5 1 2 ,1∶640 ,1∶81 0和 1∶2 5 6;腹水ELISA效价为 5× 1 0 - 6,1 .7× 1 0 - 5,2×1 0 - 6和 3.3× 1 0 - 5。 4株单抗与 β -肾上腺素激动剂沙丁胺醇的交叉反应性为 0 .79% ,与肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素及畜禽常用抗生素无交叉反应性。可以作为制备CL快速检测的特异性单克隆抗体应用     

Identification of a DNA nonhomologous end-joining complex in bacteria

In eukaryotic cells, double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA are generally repaired by the pathway of homologous recombination or by DNA nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Both pathways have been highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, but no equivalent NHEJ system has been identified in prokaryotes. The NHEJ pathway requires a DNA end-binding component called Ku. We have identified bacterial Ku homologs and show that these proteins retain the biochemical characteristics of the eukaryotic Ku heterodimer. Furthermore, we show that bacterial Ku specifically recruits DNA ligase to DNA ends and stimulates DNA ligation. Loss of these proteins leads to hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in Bacillus subtilis. These data provide evidence that many bacteria possess a DNA DSB repair apparatus that shares many features with the NHEJ system of eukarya and suggest that this DNA repair pathway arose before the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages diverged.     

Management Information System of Power Based on C/S and B/S Mode Combined

After analyzing the feature of C/S and B/S modes, a kind of MIS for power industry, which combined C/S with B/S, is put forward. The C/ S platform is developed with the Powerbuilder 7.0 and SQL Server 7.0, and the B/ S platform is developed with ASP and IIS5.0+ SQL Server7.0. Electric power management information system should be constituted by the seventh statures mold piece, which are the electricity measures to collecting, electricity charges settling accounting system, the safety system et al. In order to meet the demand of data safety of enterprises, the method of passing data between C/S and B/S is introduced.     

《家畜生态学》教学改革的实践与思考

结合教学和科研体会，阐述了家畜生态学在畜牧学中的地位和作用。阐述《家畜生态学》的教学要点，并对家畜生态学教学方法进行了探索，采用课堂讨论和专题报告等形式和多媒体手段，显著提高了教学效果。     

Comparison between pre- and postnatal acid-base status of calves and their perinatal mortality

The acid-base status of 58 calves (all in normal anterior presentation) was determined from venous blood samples before the onset of traction and immediately after vaginal delivery. Calves were assigned to one of three groups according to their blood pH value: group 1 - normal, pH greater than 7.2; group 2 - acidotic, pH 7.2 to 7.0; group 3 - severely acidotic, pH less than 7.0. Before the onset of traction (i.e. during the 30 minutes following the appearance and rupture of the membranes), 43 calves (74.1%) had normal acid-base values, 14 (24.1%) had slight acidosis, and only 1 (1.7%) had severe acidosis. At birth the three groups of calves showed the following distribution: 23 (39.7%) were normal, 29 (50%) had slight acidosis, and 6 (10.3%) had severe acidosis. Seven calves (12.1%) died during birth or within 48 hours after birth; 2 were normal shortly before birth, 4 were acidotic shortly before birth, and 1 was severely acidotic even before the onset of traction. Traction was significantly longer for cows that delivered severely acidotic calves compared to cows in the other two groups.     

Immunization of day-old chickens against Newcastle disease.

The avirulent Newcastle disease virus strain designated NDV-6/10, selected by B. Lomniczi at the Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, is completely safe for day-old chickens by aerosol vaccination. Aerosol immunization using the Hungarian-made MASTERDROP generator (particle size: maximum 7 microns) caused no vaccination reactions among 206,000 chickens with different maternal antibody levels. Other vaccines given simultaneously did not significantly affect the protection elicited against Newcastle disease (ND). Almost 100% and 90% of the aerosolized chickens survived subcutaneous challenge with 10(6) LD50 NDV at 30 and 50 days old, respectively. A single immunization is sufficient for broilers; however, parent flocks should be revaccinated at 7 so 8 weeks old.