植物生长调节剂对‘翠冠’梨秋季二次开花返青的控制效果初探

以‘翠冠’梨（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）为试材,研究不同种类和浓度的植物生长调节剂对其二次开花返青的控制效果。结果表明,0.1%和0.05%的2, 4-D以及0.1%的CCC秋季花芽率和叶芽率与对照均存在显著性差异,能够有效抑制秋季萌芽,控制二次开花返青;0.05%的CCC效果不稳定;0.1%和0.05%的6-BA秋季花芽萌发率和叶芽萌发率与对照没有显著差异,对控制‘翠冠’梨的二次开花返青无效。     

Scrapie I. Transmission and Pathogenesis

Homogenized brain, extracts, and residues of brain from normal and scrapie sheep were inoculated into 116 sheep. Of 72 sheep inoculated with scrapie material 27 developed the disease, whereas four of 44 inoculated with `normal' brain material showed symptoms similar to those of scrapie. The scrapie agent survived extraction for 18 hours with diethyl ether followed by water for 24 hours. Similarly the agent survived extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus with 95 per cent ethanol containing 2.0 per cent 4 M HC1 for 24 hours.

There was no evidence of demyelination in sections of brain and spinal cord supporting the view that allergic encephalomyelitis is not responsible for the scrapie symptoms. Liver function, as measured by the bromsulfalein test, remained normal until just before death. These results preclude that liver dysfunction contributes to the disease but do not exclude the possibilities of other metabolic derangements.

     

南美藜种子蛋白质研究

以西藏产南美藜Ｍ１为材料，对其种子蛋白质进行了研究，结果表明，南美藜种子蛋白质含量较高，达１５．５７％，富含赖氨酸（５．７１％），精氨酸（１０．０６％）等碱性氨基酸及天冬氨酸（７．６３％），谷氨酸（１１．６３％）等酸性氨基酸，种子蛋白质各组中心清蛋白（８．３６％）为主，占蛋白质总量的５３．６９％，南美藜种子总蛋白主要由６９，６６，５５，５２，５０，４１，３９，３６，３５，３２，２３，１８，１４，１     

陇东旱塬地区冬小麦水肥效应耦合模拟研究

采用无底铁框作微区,选择冬小麦生育期降水量(P)和施氦量(N)进行水肥效应模拟研究,得出冬小麦产量(Y)与降水量和施氮量的关系为Y=2505.6713+5.3422N-0.0251N²+24.3482P-0.0325P²+0.0074NP.水肥耦合方程为N_c=73.4805+0.2325P.当降水量由160mm增至400mm时,最高产量由5993.93kg/hm²提高到7710.39kg/hm²,最高产量施氮量Nmax由126.51kg/hm²增至165.48kg/hm²,经济施氮量N_opt由78.60kg/hm²增至107.12kg/hm²,N_c值则由110.55kg/hm²增至166.50kg/hm².在降水量小于400mm时有N_opt < N_c < N_max成立,且N_opt与N_c差值较大,说明旱塬地区单以经济施氮量为施肥标准不能充分发挥降水的增产潜力.提出了以上壤水肥宏观调控的原则,编制出陇东旱塬地区冬小麦合理施肥的方案.     

考虑应力敏感性影响的三项式产能方程

低渗透气藏存在较强的应力敏感性,大量岩石实验数据回归研究表明,幂函数渗透率应力敏感性经验方程相关性相对较好,而前人利用该关系式来研究低渗透气藏气井产能的报道较少。在这样的背景下,利用幂函数应力敏感性经验公式,综合考虑渗透率应力敏感效应、启动压力梯度、紊流效应和表皮系数,建立了一个新的适用于低渗透异常高压气井的三项式产能方程。不同参数组合情况下的气井流入动态曲线对比研究结果表明,应力敏感性、启动压力梯度和紊流效应对低渗透气藏气井产能的影响较大,在产能评价研究时必须予以考虑。     

快速台风“海鸥”强度、路径特点及成因分析

为了进一步认识西北行台风活动特点成因,为此类台风预报提供参考,利用1°×1° NCEP再分析资料、卫星云图资料及实时定位定强数据,对台风“海鸥”的路径、强度特征及成因进行分析。结果表明：“海鸥”活动主要受副高外围气流操纵,不同阶段受不同层次引导气流影响。引导气流强度越大台风移速越快,其波动可能是台风路径摆动的重要原因。高海温是“海鸥”生成及发展的基础条件;“海鸥”移动下游存在弱垂直风切变区域、西南季风与越赤道气流卷入、水平风场不对称分布是“海鸥”强度加强的重要原因;同时指出“海鸥”不同阶段,感热和潜热所起作用不同。此外进一步探讨了“海鸥”成熟期仅维持台风强度的可能原因。     

Probabilistic risk assessment of agrochemicals in the environment

Concern for the environment has resulted in greater scrutiny of both old and new plant protection products and increased efforts have been directed to developing more rigorous but more realistic procedures for the ecotoxicological risk characterization of these agrochemicals. These techniques include probabilistic analysis of toxicity and exposure data and better understanding of the relationship between structure and function in populations of wildlife and the role of keystone species in maintaining ecosystem functioning. The ecological risk assessment method described here is centered on the use of probabilistic distribution functions that independently describe exposure concentrations and toxicological responses of organisms to the chemical of concern. The distributions are transformed to permit calculation of linear regression parameters. The regression parameters for the two distributions are then used to determine joint probabilities which interrelate the exposure and toxicology data. For ease of presentation the results are presented as an exceedence plot which depicts, based on the exposure data the percent of species likely to be affected and the percent of observations likely to cause this level of effect. In this paper, the use of the method is illustrated using data for chlorpyrifos in North American aquatic environments. These probabilistic risk assessment methods are being assessed for incorporation into assessment procedures in a number of regulatory jurisdictions.     

基于精气胎传理论辨治遗传性神经肌肉病——中医脑病理论与临床实证研究（十）

遗传性神经肌肉病属于胎传疾病,命名为胎传脑病及胎传肌病。通过介绍假肥大型肌营养不良、肾上腺脑白质营养不良、肝豆状核变性、遗传性脑血管病4个医案,阐释了整合各种治法,坚持动态辨证施方,滋其化源,治肾脾为本,并祛除内生诸邪,以减轻或解除部分临床症状,才能提高生存质量。     

硅对稻瘟病菌侵染下水稻叶片超微结构的影响

为进一步揭示硅对稻瘟病的结构抗性,以纳米SiO2为硅源,以对水稻稻瘟病Magnaporthe grisea具有抗病性的农大18号和感病性的蒙古稻为材料,借助扫描电镜和透射电镜,在接种稻瘟病菌后对2个品种水稻叶片进行电镜观察.试验结果表明,接种稻瘟病菌后,无论是抗病品种还是感病品种,经过施硅处理的水稻叶片表面只存在少数的稻瘟病菌菌丝,并且其菌丝数量要比不施硅处理少.通过透射电镜图片还可看到,在水稻叶片内形成的矿化硅材料将病菌菌丝包围,减少了稻瘟病菌对水稻的侵染.施硅能够有效地抑制稻瘟病菌的入侵,从而增强水稻对稻瘟病的结构抗性.     

普通小麦─大赖草6N二体异附加系的选育与鉴定

根据花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对情况及染色体Ｃ－分带，在中国春－大赖草杂种回交后代中选育出１个稳定的二体异附加系９２Ｇ４６０。通过分析亲本及９２Ｇ４６０的苗期叶片ＧＯＴ同工酶酶谱表型，推测９２Ｇ４６０中临时编为第１１号的大赖草染色体来自Ｎ染色体组，该染色体携有属于第６部分同源群的同工酶结构基因Ｇｏｔ－Ｎ２，故可以将大赖草中临时编为第１１号的染色体命名为６Ｎ。