曲靖市马龙区荒野格局分析

以马龙区荒野为研究对象,选取距聚居点的遥远度、距可达道路的遥远度、人口分布密度、生物物理自然度4项指标进行叠加分析,绘制了马龙区荒野的分布图,并对荒野面积的水平分布、垂直分布、景观格局以及荒野保护空间进行了分析评价。结果表明：马龙区荒野在水平空间上呈环带分布格局,中部区域荒野面积相对较大、荒野质量相对较高;其外围环带区域荒野面积较小、质量较低、“孤岛化”、“碎片化”较为严重;最外围环带荒野质量又显明提高,面积较为完整。马龙区高质量荒野的储量占比较大,主要集中分布于海拔1 957～2 178 m,面积占比52.92 %。其中一级荒野斑块连通性最好,二、三级荒野斑块的破碎程度较大,四级荒野的斑块形状最复杂;现有保护形式未能对高质荒野形成全面覆盖。马龙区应加强荒野保护区建设,提高对荒野的保护覆盖率,同时通过人工手段恢复和提高低质荒野质量。研究结果可为马龙区荒野保护工作的展开提供参考。     

Identification of polymorphisms and association analysis with meat quality traits in the porcine KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B genes

Skeletal muscle genes are potential candidates for production and meat quality. Screening a subtracted cDNA library constructed with mRNA obtained from longissimus dorsi muscles of F1 hybrids Landrace × Yorkshire and their female parents Yorkshire, we isolated two partial sequences coding for the H3-K4-specific methyltransferase (KIAA1717) and skeletal muscle myosin regulatory light chain (HUMMLC2B) genes. Database search revealed KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B encoded proteins with SET domain and EF-hand calcium binding motif, respectively. In the present work we identified their partial polymorphisms and two SNPs, one (C1354T) at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of KIAA1717 and one (A345G) at the SINE (PRE-1) element of HUMMLC2B, both created/disrupted a restriction site for endonuclease Msp I. The selected pigs were genotyped at the KIAA1717 C1354T and HUMMLC2B A345G sites by means of a PCR-RFLP protocol. Significant associations were observed for the KIAA1717 C1354T polymorphic site with meat marbling (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)) and intramuscular fat (p < 0.01). HUMMLC2B A345G were significantly associated with meat pH (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)), drip loss (p < 0.01), water holding capacity (p < 0.01) and meat color value (longissimus doris (p < 0.01), biceps femoris (p < 0.05)). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.     

热应激对动物体内蛋白质周转代谢的内分泌途径的影响

本文讨论了高温条件下机体内分泌激素对蛋白质合成、分解的影响,试图从内分泌角度解释高温对动物体蛋白质沉积的影响机理.     

半干旱草原主要植物光能和水分利用特征的研究

在植物生长季内测定了内蒙古半干旱草原6种主要植物的光合和水分利用特征，比较了植物之间在光能和水分利用方面的差异，认为水分利用效率难以反应植物对干旱的适应性，而其倒数－水分竞争系数是较好的表征指标；植物的光能利用效率和水分竞争系数之间存在补偿关系；半干旱草原主要植物适应环境的方式不同，它们在光能和水分资源生态位上存在分离。     

Immunoadjuvant effects of hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) on the inactivated H9 subtype avian influenza virus vaccine

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H9 subtype cause serious health problems in chickens, resulting in great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The killed vaccine (KV) against H9 subtype AIV has been widely used in China since 1998 but has been linked with side effects in chickens and only partial protection. A few studies have demonstrated the immunostimulatory effects of the hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) in cancer therapy. In this study, the adjuvant efficacy and the protective effects of HVJ-E, in combination with H9N2 AI KV against AIV were evaluated. The maturation of murine dendritic cells treated by HVJ-E was verified by FACS in the current experiment, then the antibody hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers and cytokines and the post-challenge virological profiles (oropharyngeal and cloacal virus shedding) were investigated to define the immune responses in chickens. Our findings indicate that HVJ-E could induce dendritic cell (DC) maturation in mice. Injection of HVJ-E in chickens resulted in raised levels of IFN-β and IFN-γ being present in sera suggesting a stimulatory effect in these animals. The antibody responses to AIV of chickens inoculated with HVJ-E adjuvanted killed H9-AIV were higher than those of chickens inoculated with oil adjuvanted H9-HIV. Furthermore, although inoculation of either HVJ-E or oil adjuvanted AIV reduced virus shedding following challenge, compared to controls, HVJ-E adjuvanted AIV was more effective in reducing shedding than oil adjuvant.     

对宁夏某地炭疽疫情的风险评估

2016年5月,宁夏同心县暴发一起羊炭疽疫情,共有4只羊发病死亡。当地相关部门依据《炭疽防治技术规范》,对疫情进行了处置。为降低炭疽疫情再次发生的风险,避免形成新的疫源地,对疫点内不同途径的炭疽杆菌释放风险、疫区内易感动物和养殖户的暴露风险进行了定性评估。结果显示:本次疫情中的一处死亡羊只无害化处理点释放病原的风险高,未知私埋点和自然疫源地的病原释放风险为中等;紧急免疫动物的暴露风险低,但新生羔羊和超过免疫保护期的牛羊存在一定的暴露风险;因当地存在家畜宰杀、放血、剥皮等习俗,牛羊饲养者的暴露风险为中等。根据评估结果,建议对病原释放风险较高的死亡羊只处理点重新进行无害化处理;每年对疫区所有易感动物进行免疫;落实好禁牧政策,严禁私埋病死动物;加大对易感人群炭疽防控知识的宣传教育。     

丙谷胺对产蛋鸡摄食行为及内分泌的影响

选用35周龄伊莎蛋鸡8只,分别安装慢性颈静脉血管插管.实验采用自身对照法,对照期饲喂基础日粮,丙谷胺期在喂料前填喂丙谷胺.应用摄食行为计算机监测系统(FIDAS系统)记录各个实验期产蛋鸡喂料后4h内的采食行为数据,并测定有关血液生化指标.结果显示,实验期(填喂丙谷胺后)与对照期相比较,产蛋鸡午前(8:00～12:00)与午后(13:00～17:00)4 h内摄食量分别增加27.69%与30.41%(P＜0.05),摄食时间分别降低15.67%与3.75%,摄食餐数分别增加12.32%与27.2%(P＜0.05);血糖水平分别降低5.44%与18.03%(P＜0.01),瘦素水平分别升高2.59%与7.19%,胰岛素水平分别升高33.09%(P＜0.05)与24.5%(P＜0.05).提示丙谷胺能够促进蛋鸡摄食,并影响有关内分泌激素的水平.     

气味丰容对几种蛇类行为影响实验

2010年3月～11月,在成都动物园两爬馆饲养展出蛇类中选取了缅甸蟒、缅甸白蟒、加州王蛇和三色乳蛇等进行了不同气味丰容实验并对气味丰容前后蛇类自主活动行为进行观察比较。其中对缅甸白蟒和缅甸蟒均采用了兔子血、茶叶包进行气味丰容;对加州王蛇和三色乳蛇均采用了小白鼠、茶叶包进行气味丰容。实验结果表明,通过不定期采用不同气味对蛇类进行丰容刺激,可以显著改善蛇类的自主活动情况,从而提高蛇类的观赏展示效果,也有利于改善蛇类的健康状况。气味丰容方案可以在其他蛇类的饲养展出中进行推广应用。     

苜蓿中草酸含量的测定及煮制对其含量影响研究

紫花苜蓿营养丰富,越来越受到大家的青睐,但苜蓿中的草酸会对人体健康产生间接影响.本文通过对比实验研究了煮制对苜蓿中草酸含量的影响情况.结果显示:新鲜苜蓿中含有一定量的草酸,但煮制后能去除约75％的草酸,故水煮苜蓿是有效去除草酸并保留营养成分的首选方法.     

Effect of follistatin on pre‐implantational development of pig parthenogenetic embryos

The present study was designed to explore effects of follistatin (FST) on pre‐implantational development of parthenogenetically activated embryos (PAEs) in pigs. First, we investigated the FST messenger RNA expression level and dynamic FST protein expression patterns in porcine oocytes and PAEs. Then, PAEs were placed in embryo culture medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of FST‐288, FST‐300, and FST‐315. Next, PAEs were cultured with 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/mL of FST‐315 protein throughout the in vitro culture (IVC) duration. Further, 10 ng/mL of FST‐300 was added from the start of IVC in which PAEs were treated for 30, 48 and 60 h. The results showed that 1 ng/mL FST‐315 could significantly increase the total cell numbers of blastocyst and trophectoderm cell number in PAEs. Exogenous FST‐300 supplementation could significantly promote the early cleavage divisions and improve the blastocyst formation rate of porcine embryos. FST‐300 appeared to affect early embryonic development before activation of the embryonic genome. In all, the study confirmed for the first time that FST plays a role in promoting early embryonic development in pigs, which differed with different FST subtypes. FST‐300 could facilitate the initial cleavage time and improve the blastocyst formation rate, and FST‐315 could improve the blastocyst quality.