Preliminary studies on the early quality identification ofAuricularia auricular

In production industry ofAuricularia auricular, the varieties quality is most important impact factor on output. For evaluating the early quality of the edible fungus, 9 varieties ofAuricularia auricular (Au9, CF09, CF05, 29, 916, chang10, chang7, Au.Japanese and 8808) were cultured on the medium consists of potato dextrose agar (PDA) and sawdust to test their mycelium growth rate, endurance to high temperature, resistance to mildew, assimilation of nutriment, and resistance to drought. The result showed that the mycelium of Chang 10, CF09, 29 and Au.Japanese varieties had the eminent characteristics such as short lifespan, stronger assimilation of nutriment, and endurance to high temperature and steady growth. These four varieties are determined as superiority varieties ofAuricularia auricular in accordance with the research results. Foundation item: The research was supported by Science Fund of Northeast Forestry University (2004). Biography: Li Ling (1964-), female, Engineer in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

PCR技术检测猪伪狂犬病毒及其潜伏感染部位的研究

本研究合成了伪狂犬毒糖蛋白ｇｐ５０基因引笺，该引物能够扩增糖蛋白ｇｐ５０基因中４３４－６５１之间的２１７ｂｐＤＮＡ片段，该片段含 ＳａｌＩ酶切位点，应用引物对几种不同的伪狂犬病毒株多聚酶链式反应扩增结果全为阳性。     

Effect of land use on the abundance and diversity of autotrophic bacteria as measured by ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) large subunit gene abundance in soils

Elucidating the biodiversity of CO₂-assimilating bacterial communities under different land uses is critical for establishing an integrated view of the carbon sequestration in agricultural systems. We therefore determined the abundance and diversity of CO₂ assimilating bacteria using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and quantitative PCR of the cbbL gene (which encodes ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase). These analyses used agricultural soils collected from a long-term experiment (Pantang Agroecosystem) in subtropical China. Soils under three typical land uses, i.e., rice–rice (RR), upland crop (UC), and paddy rice–upland crop rotation (PU), were selected. The abundance of bacterial cbbL (0.04 to 1.25?×?10⁸ copies g^?1 soil) and 16S rDNA genes (0.05–3.00?×?10¹⁰ copies g^?1 soil) were determined in these soils. They generally followed the trend RR?>?PU?>?UC. The cbbL-containing bacterial communities were dominated by facultative autotrophic bacteria such as Mycobacterium sp., Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Ralstonia eutropha, and Alcaligenes eutrophus. Additionally, the cbbL-containing bacterial community composition in RR soil differed from that in upland crop and paddy rice–upland crop rotations soils. Soil organic matter was the most highly statistically significant factor which positively influenced the size of the cbbL-containing population. The RR management produced the greatest abundance and diversity of cbbL-containing bacteria. These results offer new insights into the importance of microbial autotrophic CO₂ fixation in soil C cycling.     

反硝化脱氮除磷-侧流磷回收工艺效能

为了调查反硝化同步脱氮除磷-侧流磷回收新工艺的工艺效能,该试验在该工艺稳定运行条件下评价其污染物(化学需氧量、总氮、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P)去除能力和磷回收能力。结果表明:当进水中化学需氧量、总氮、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P的质量浓度为239.2~259.5、39.6~43.8、38.2~41.8和8.72~11.40 mg/L,出水中相应的质量浓度分别为15.2~21.6、8.5~9.6、3.6~4.7和0.31~0.49 mg/L,满足国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A排放标准;COD主要在厌氧池被去除,NH+4-N主要在好氧硝化池中去除;污水中磷的去除主要由诱导结晶磷回收和生物除磷两部分组成;整个工艺中,磷去除效率为95.9%,其中诱导结晶磷去除率占总去除效率的71.5%,表明该工艺具有较大磷回收潜力。此外,后置曝气池可对出水中COD、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P浓度起着把关作用,有助于提高出水水质。     

基于微观特性分析风积沙粉体掺入提高混凝土的抗冻性

为研究冻融-盐浸环境下风积沙粉体混凝土的微观特性,设计了强度等级为C35、C25的风积沙粉体混凝土,在浓度为0%、3%、6%硫酸镁溶液中采用快冻法进行抗冻性试验,同时借助核磁共振技术、场发射扫描电镜及能谱分析研究其孔隙特征、微观形貌及水化产物。结果表明,风积沙粉体的掺入显著提高混凝土的抗冻性,且适当提高强度等级,有利于提高风积沙粉体混凝土抗冻性,其中强度等级为C35的风积沙粉体混凝土在6%MgSO_4溶液中可承受高达425次冻融循环;相对于基准组,风积沙粉体混凝土中有发育状况良好的针柱状产物钙矾石、纤维状产物石膏生成,填充因冻胀应力作用产生的裂隙,使其内部有害及多害孔数量低于普通混凝土29.78%,抗冻性增强。     

Synthesis,fungicidal activity,and 3D-QSAR of pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles

A series of novel 5-[1-aryl-1,4-dihydro-6-methylpyridazin-4-one-3-yl] -2-arylamino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, fungicidally active, were synthesized based on bioisosterism and tested in vivo against wheat leaf rust, Puccinia recondita. These compounds were shown to be fungicidally active, and their activity was influenced by the nature of the substituents. By using the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR) method of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), we have studied the structure and activity relationship of the compounds containing both pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The 3D-QSAR modes gave good correlation between the variations on percent inhibition and the steric-electrostatic properties. The results are consistent with a common mode of action for the pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and the pyridazinone-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, which further confirms that the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring is a bioisosteric analogue of the 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring. These offer important structural insights into designing highly active compounds prior to their synthesis.     

种植密度对雪茄烟膜脂过氧化特性及烟叶质量的影响

为探究不同种植密度对雪茄烟叶生理生化特性和品质的影响,确定四川雪茄烟适宜的种植密度,以德雪一号为供试材料,测定了成熟期田间微气候、烟叶膜脂过氧化程度、抗氧化酶活性和烟叶产质量等指标。结果表明,随着种植密度的增大,烟田温湿度增大,烟叶所受光照强度降低。成熟期温度与烟叶膜脂过氧化程度呈显著正相关关系,相关系数在0.52~0.85之间。同一时期内烟叶丙二醛（MDA）含量随种植密度增大呈先降后升趋势,抗氧化酶活性呈先升后降趋势。种植密度为21 000株/hm²时抗氧化酶活性最高,过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在打顶后28d达到最高,分别为61.6U/(gFW·min)和123.0U/(mg·min),超氧化物歧化酶活性在打顶后21d达到最高,为755.8U/g,打顶后35d MDA含量为25.3mmol/g,膜脂过氧化程度最低。调制后烟叶总糖含量增至1.86%,烟碱含量为3.02%,钾氯比高达9.21,化学成分较为协调,感官评吸得分最高,烟叶产值与茄衣烟比例较常规种植密度24 000株/hm²分别提升了0.9万元/hm²和7%。综上所述,21 000株/hm²为四川省雪茄烟适宜的种植密度。     

Identification and fine mapping of a candidate gene for oil yellow leaf 2 conferring yellow leaf phenotype in maize

Leaf colour is an important agronomic trait for studying molecular mechanisms in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Here, a novel mutant oil yellow leaf 2 (Oy2) with a typical yellow leaf phenotype at the seedling stage was identified from the mutant population derived from the maize inbred line RP125. Compared with wild type, Oy2 mutant displays decreased chlorophyll content, reduced photosynthetic capacity and impaired chloroplast structure, which is likely controlled by a single recessive gene. The Oy2 locus was then delimited into a 117 kb region on chromosome 5 harbouring four genes, amongst which the gene Zm00001d013013, encoding a magnesium chelatase subunit D, was identified as the only candidate gene associated with Oy2 mutant phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of candidate gene Oy2 and genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis were tested by RNA‐seq and qRT‐PCR, implying that the causal gene Oy2 playing a critical role in chlorophyll synthesis. Taken together, we propose that the causal gene Oy2 highly associated with the yellow leaf phenotype may be helpful in elucidating photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis and chloroplast development in maize.     

番茄果实总RNA提取与cDNA-AFLP

从番茄果实中提取高质量的RNA是对调控番茄果实品质、生长发育和代谢等相关基因进行分子生物学研究的基础。实验表明,已报道的相关RNA的提取方法,即使利用已经报道的从其它果实中成功提取出高质量RNA的方法,也不能从番茄果实中分离出高质量的RNA。 这主要是由于番茄果实中多糖、多酚类物质及其他次生代谢,在RNA提取过程中与RNA共同沉淀,从而影响RNA的产量和质量。目前,商业化的RNA抽提试剂盒无法直接用于番茄果实RNA的提取。笔者采用4种方法对番茄果实总RNA进行提取,筛选出一种最佳的改进方法。可以从不同时期番茄果实中成功提取高质量的RNA,产量可达401.6--840.2μg/g,通过测定A260/A230和A260/A280 的比值表明,该方法排除了番茄果实中蛋白、多糖、以及多酚等次生物质的干扰,提取到了高质量番茄果实总RNA;1.2%琼脂糖电泳结果表明RNA在整个提取过程中结构完整,未发生明显降解;所提取的RNA用于cDNA-AFLP等到了清晰的表达图谱,这表明其质量完全可满足下一步分子生物学研究。