母兔腹腔镜辅助微创卵巢子宫切除术

母兔卵巢子宫摘除术为异宠临床诊疗中常见的手术之一,本手术为使用腹腔镜辅助,配合电凝刀进行母兔卵巢子宫摘除微创手术。手术麻醉采用右美托咪定诱导麻醉,气管插管后给予异氟烷混合纯氧吸入麻醉进行维持麻醉。利用气腹仪充入CO2提供腹腔内可进行手术的操作空间,使用腹腔镜配合电凝刀在动物腹腔内电凝及切断双侧卵巢血管及韧带,并牵引卵巢子宫至体外结扎子宫颈。手术平均用时30 min,术后平均5 min恢复自主意识,手术创口为三个大约5 mm的切口,术后预后良好。     

猞猁的人工饲养和繁殖

以江苏省淮安市樱花园(苏北野生动物园)内人工饲养的1对猞猁为研究对象,对其在人工饲养条件下的日粮组成、饲养环境、日常管理、常见疫病防治及繁殖育幼情况的初步小结,以期为今后猞猁在人工饲养条件下的饲养、繁殖工作提供一定的实践依据。     

晾晒和添加剂对白羊草青贮的影响

为探究含水量和添加剂对白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)青贮的影响,以抽穗期新鲜的和晾晒的白羊草为原料,分别设计对照、添加甲酸(6 mL·kg-1)或蔗糖(2％)处理,袋装密封青贮360 d后取样分析.结果表明:晾晒处理白羊草青贮饲料的pH较高,乳酸和氨态氮含量极显著下降(P＜0.01);添加蔗糖或甲酸能够改善白羊草青贮饲料的发酵品质,甲酸或蔗糖均能够极显著降低白羊草青贮饲料的pH、乙酸和氨态氮含量(P＜0.01),极显著提高乳酸含量(P＜0.01);添加甲酸或蔗糖显著提高了白羊草青贮饲料的干物质保存率(P＜0.05);青贮之后,硝酸盐含量下降.添加剂可改善白羊草青贮饲料的     

Whole‐genome analysis identifying candidate genes of altitude adaptive ecological thresholds in yak populations

The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is an iconic symbol of animal husbandry on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Long‐term domestication and natural selection have led to a wide distribution of yak, forming many ecological populations to adapt to the local ecological environment. High altitude is closely related to oxygen density, and it is an important environmental ecological factor for biological survival and livestock production. The aim of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis to identify the candidate genes of altitude distribution adapted ecological thresholds in yak using next‐generation sequence technology. A total of 15,762,829 SNPs were obtained from 29 yaks with high‐ and low‐altitude distribution by genome‐wide sequencing. According to the results of the selective sweep analysis with FST and ZHp, 21 candidate genes were identified. 14 genes (serine/threonine protein kinase TNNI3K, TEN1, DYM, ITPR1, ZC4H2, KNTC1, ADGRB3, CLYBL, TANGO6, ASCC3, KLHL3, PDE4D, DEPDC1B and AGBL4) were grouped into 32 Gene Ontology terms, and four genes (RPS6KA6, ITPR1, GNAO1 and PDE4D) annotated in 35 pathways, including seven environmental information processing and one environmental adaptation. Therefore, the novel candidate genes found in the current study do not only support new theories about high‐altitude adaptation, but also further explain the molecular mechanisms of altitude adaptation threshold in yaks.     

一种新型燃气防泄漏多重保护装置的设计

介绍一种新型燃气防泄漏多重保护装置的结构和工作原理,并阐述了控制系统的特点。实验表明,它能在燃气使用前进行检测及自动报警、发生火灾或温度过高时自动关闭燃气开关、用户忘记关闭总闸时定时自动关闭总阀,该装置具有反应灵敏、制动迅速的特点,能够从根本上检测预防燃气的泄漏问题,具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

湖南省动物疫情测报站的作用与管理

湖南省根据地理区域和养殖业结构情况,合理布局建立了18个省级动物疫情测报站,通过对测报站辖区内及定点养殖场户的生产、免疫、疫病等情况进行持续跟踪调查和监测采样,评估动物群体免疫状态及疫情发生风险。管理上通过优化网络布局,提高诊断监测能力,通过强化培训和责任管理,提升动物疫情测报水平,确保了动物疫情测报质量。动物疫情测报站在发现新发重大动物疫病,评价强制免疫病种免疫效果,提供疫情预警预报基础数据以及指导养殖业生产等方面发挥了重要作用。今后需持续增加投入和监测科技含量,改善设施设备,稳定技术队伍,这是提高动物疫情测报监测的根本保障。     

Seroprevalence of chlamydial infection in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, southern China

Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria that cause a wide range of significant diseases in humans and animals worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses. Chlamydial infection in cattle has been reported in many countries including China. However, there has been no survey of chlamydial infection of dairy cattle in Guangzhou, southern China. The objective of the present investigation was to examine the chlamydial seroprevalence in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, subtropical southern China by using an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). The overall seroprevalence of chlamydial infection in dairy cattle was 7.25% (29/400). Greater than or equal to eight-yr-old dairy cattle had the highest seroprevalence (10.34%), followed by those that were ≥ 6 years old or < 7 years old dairy cattle (10.20%), although there were no statistically significant differences among different groups (P > 0.05). Dairy cattle with 5 pregnancies had the highest seroprevalence (10.81%). These results indicate that chlamydial infection was present in dairy cattle in Guangzhou, subtropical southern China, and integrated strategies and measures should be executed to control and prevent chlamydial infection and disease outbreak in the study region.     

正安县山羊主要疫病血清抗体检测报告

为了解正安县山羊主要疫病的发展趋势,通过虎红平板凝集试验、正向间接血凝试验、酶联免疫吸附试验等方法对正安县引进山羊进行布鲁氏杆菌病、O型口蹄疫、AsiaI型口蹄疫、山羊传染性胸膜肺炎、山羊痘等主要疫病血清抗体的检测。结果表明,O型口蹄疫、AsiaI型口蹄疫和山羊痘免疫抗体阳性率分别为79．42％、81．18％和99．58％,未免疫的布鲁氏杆菌病、羊传染性胸膜肺炎的丝状支原体山羊亚种和绵羊肺炎支原体未免疫抗体阳性率分别为0％、0％和3．81％。监测结果为山羊健康的引进、培育和扩繁提供了一些基础数据,对指导养羊生产有一定的意义。     

披碱草属四种植物主要形态特征的变异性比较

应用变异系数、主成分分析、系统聚类分析方法,对披碱草属四种不同生境来源的18个居群的180份材料进行形态特征比较分析.变异系数分析结果表明:(1)披碱草属4种植物的不同居群在形态特征上具有变异性;(2)不同居群内及居群间的形态特征存在一定程度的变异;(3)穗部形态特征中的颖及稃特征是种间和种以下分类的重要依据.主成分分析结果表明:颖长、颖脉数、外稃长、内稃长、小穗长、小穗宽等是种间分类的重要特征指标.系统聚类分析法分析表明:在欧式距离等于5时可将来自不同生境的18个居群分为3类,经鉴定第一类为披碱草和老芒麦,第二类为麦宾草,第三类是圆柱披碱草;其中麦宾草的归类清晰.     

小尾寒羊多胎性能候选基因的研究进展

小尾寒羊具有常年发情、性成熟早和多胎性能的高繁殖力特性,平均每胎产羔2.6只,是我国优良的地方绵羊品种,也是我国独特的遗传资源。目前在BooroolaMerino羊、Inverdale羊和Hanna羊中已找到影响多胎性能的主基因,但国内对小尾寒羊多胎性能遗传机制的研究主要集中在常规的选育和分子标记方面,也有一些以候选基因法从分子水平上对小尾寒羊多胎机制进行研究,仍没有确立控制小尾寒羊高繁特性的主效基因,本文就其研究现状进行综述,为小尾寒羊主效基因的研究提供有益的参考。