伞房属4个树种/亚种在广东乐昌的早期生长表现

分析引自澳大利亚东部的桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）伞房属(Corymbia) 4个树种/亚种在广东省乐昌试验点的早期生长表现,结果表明：10 a生时,4个树种/亚种生长量最大的是大叶斑皮桉（Corymbia henryi）,其次是斑皮柠檬桉（Corymbia citriodora ssp. variegata）、柠檬桉（Corymbia citriodora ssp. citriodora）和斑皮桉（Corymbia maculata）,平均单株材积分别为0067 4、0059 0、0054 1和0034 1 m3;与8 a生时比较,4个树种/亚种在10 a生时仍保持较快的增长速度,材积增长均在67%以上,其中斑皮桉的材积增长率高达1450%。方差分析结果表明：在试验组Ⅰ,柠檬桉和大叶斑皮桉3个生长性状在家系间差异极显著（P＜001）,种源间胸径差异达极显著水平（P＜001）,树高差异达显著水平（P＜005）,单株材积差异不显著;在试验组Ⅱ,斑皮柠檬桉和斑皮桉3个生长性状在种源、家系间差异极显著（P＜001）。以单株材积高于对照为选择目标,选出大叶斑皮桉2个种源2个家系,斑皮柠檬桉5个种源11个家系,共计7个种源13个家系,分别占参试种源和家系总数的389%和140%。     

微贮牧草对山羊生产性能、饲粮养分消化率和消化道微生物数量的影响

试验使用黑曲霉、乳酸菌、酵母菌3种微生物的固体菌剂以及尿素作为微生态制剂青贮(微贮)高丹草和牛鞭草,并对64只黑山羊进行30 d饲养对比试验,研究高丹草和牛鞭草青贮对山羊生产性能、饲粮养分消化率和消化道微生物数量的影响。试验结果为,相比于普通青贮(普贮),微贮高丹草酵母菌、黑曲霉、乳酸菌数量分别增加了475.61%、290.65%和513.37%;微贮牛鞭草酵母菌、黑曲霉、乳酸菌数量分别增加了466.67%、762.07%和486.05%;微贮组羊瘤胃中的酵母菌、黑曲霉和乳酸菌数量均极显著增加(P0.01);微贮组羊粪中的酵母菌、黑曲霉和乳酸菌数量显著或极显著增加(P0.05),大肠杆菌数量极显著降低(P0.001);微贮组饲粮除中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率极显著高于普贮组(P0.01),其余均显著高于普贮组(P0.05);微贮组平均日增重和饲料转化率显著高于普贮组(P0.05)。综上所述,微生态制剂青贮不仅可增加瘤胃和粪中酵母菌、黑曲霉和乳酸菌数量,减少粪中大肠杆菌的数量,还能提高山羊饲粮表观消化率和生长性能。     

北京市东城区动物产品经营环节监管调查

为探索解决由流通引发动物疫情这一卫生监督工作难点,北京市东城区动物卫生监督所以动物产品经营单位为研究对象,采取随机区组设计,对动物产品经营环节中的动物卫生监督难点进行调查,发现了动物经营环节中存在的一些风险点,并提出了解决问题的建议。     

猪霍乱沙门氏菌LAMP检测方法的建立与应用

利用猪霍乱沙门氏菌lacZ基因设计特异性引物,通过优化各种反应条件,建立了检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌的环介导等温扩增（LAMP）快速检测方法。此方法特异性好,灵敏度高,将细菌DNA稀释到10-8仍可检出,是PCR方法的1000倍。本研究建立的LAMP方法操作简便、灵敏度高、特异性强,为临床检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌和预防人猪霍乱沙门氏菌病提供了技术保障。     

中东呼吸综合征的流行与研究进展

本文全面介绍了MERS的疾病概况、人间及动物间流行情况,目前该病已经蔓延到全球25个国家,造成1300余人感染、近500人死亡,并有4个国家发现骆驼MERS病例;总结了世界卫生组织（WHO）、世界动物卫生组织（OIE）和联合国粮农组织（FAO）等采取的防控措施,并从病毒来源、能否人际间传播、有效疫苗和药物研制等3个方面对MERS的研究进展进行了概述。目前认为,人类MERS的传染源可能是骆驼, MERS-CoV仅发生了有限的人传人,还没有研制出有效的特异性疫苗和药物。本文还简述了我国的防控情况,并提出了相关防控建议。     

绵羊MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性研究进展

主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是广泛存在于脊椎动物体内的一类高度紧密连锁的基因群,绵羊MHC又称为绵羊淋巴细胞表面抗原(ovine lymphocyte antigen,OLA),位于绵羊20号染色体上,分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类区域,其中MHCⅡ类基因具有高度的基因多态性.文章综述了绵羊MHCⅡ类基因的分子结构及遗传多态性,重点总结了近十年来国内外不同绵羊品种MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性的研究进展,并对绵羊MHCⅡ类基因未来的研究重点进行了展望.     

Dosage assessment of valnemulin in pigs based on population pharmacokinetic and Monte Carlo simulation

To estimate the valnemulin pharmacokinetic profile in a swine population and to assess a dosage regimen for increasing the likelihood of optimization. This study was, respectively, performed in 22 sows culled by p.o. administration and in 80 growing‐finishing pigs by i.v. administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and Monte Carlo simulation. The relationships among the plasma concentration, dose, and time of valnemulin in pigs were illustrated as C_i,v = X₀(8.4191 × 10^‐4 × e^?0.2371t + 1.2788 × 10^?5 × e^?0.0069t) after i.v. and C_p.o = X₀(?8.4964 × 10^?4 × e^?0.5840t + 8.4195 × e^?0.2371t + 7.6869 × 10^?6 × e^?0.0069t) after p.o. Monte Carlo simulation showed that T_>MIC was more than 24 h when a single daily dosage at 13.5 mg/kg BW in pigs was administrated by p.o., and MIC was 0.031 mg/L. It was concluded that the current dosage regimen at 10–12 mg/kg BW led to valnemulin underexposure if the MIC was more than 0.031 mg/L and could increase the risk of treatment failure and/or drug resistance.     

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was studied in plasma after a single dose (10 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in freshwater at 30 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models following both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T_1/2ka) were 0.049 and 0.037 L/h/kg, 0.41 and 0.33 L/kg, and 0.028 and 0.035 h following i.m. and i.p. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T_1?2β) was calculated to be 5.81 h, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) to be 49.40 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma cefquinome concentration (T_max) to be 0.14 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 204.6 μg h/mL. Following i.p. administration, the corresponding estimates were 6.05 h, 44.39 μg/mL, 0.17 h and 267.8 μg h/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefquinome, determined for 30 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia, ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL. Results from these studies support that 10 mg cefquinome/kg body weight daily could be expected to control tilapia bacterial pathogens inhibited in vitro by a minimal inhibitory concentration value of ≤2 μg/mL.     

No effect of exogenous melatonin on development of cryopreserved metaphase II oocytes in mouse

Background

This study was conducted to investigate effect of exogenous melatonin on the development of mouse mature oocytes after cryopreservation.

Results

First, mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes were vitrified in the open-pulled straws (OPS). After warming, they were cultured for 1 h in M₂ medium containing melatonin at different concentrations (0, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁵, 10⁻³ mol/L). Then the oocytes were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels (fluorescence microscopy), and the developmental potential after parthenogenetic activation. The experimental results showed that the ROS level and cleavage rate in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin group was significantly lower than that in melatonin-free group (control). The GSH levels and blastocyst rates in all melatonin-treated groups were similar to that in control. Based on the above results, we detected the expression of gene Hsp90aa1, Hsf1, Hspa1b, Nrf2 and Bcl-x1 with qRT-PCR in oocytes treated with 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin and untreated control. After warming and culture for 1 h, the oocytes showed higher Hsp90aa1 expression in 10⁻⁷ mol/L melatonin-treated group than in the control (P < 0.05); the Hsf1, Hsp90aa1 and Bcl-x1 expression were significantly decreased in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin-treated group when compared to the control. Based on the above results and previous research, we detected the development of vitrified-warmed oocytes treated with either 10⁻⁷ or 0 mol/L melatonin by in vitro fertilization. No difference was observed between them.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the supplementation of melatonin (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻³ mol/L) in culture medium and incubation for 1 h did not improve the subsequent developmental potential of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, even if there were alteration in gene expression.