Diurnal and seasonal variations in carbon fluxes in bamboo forests during the growing season in Zhejiang province,China

Bamboo forest is an important forest type in subtropical China and is characterized by fast growth and high carbon sequestration capacity. However, the dynamics of carbon fluxes during the fast growing period of bamboo shoots and their correlation with environment factors are poorly understood. We measured carbon dioxide exchange and climate variables using open-path eddy covariance methods during the 2011 growing season in a Moso bamboo forest(MB, Phyllostchys edulis) and a Lei bamboo forest(LB, Phyllostachys violascens) in Zhejiang province,China. The bamboo forests were carbon sinks during the growing season. The minimum diurnal net ecosystem exchange(NEE) at MB and LB sites were-0.64 and-0.66 mg C m^-2 s^-1, respectively. The minimum monthly NEE, ecosystem respiration(RE), and gross ecosystem exchange(GEE) were-99.3 ± 4.03, 76.2 ±2.46, and^-191.5 ± 4.98 g C m^-2 month^-1, respectively,at MB site, compared with-31.8 ± 3.44, 70.4 ± 1.41,and^-157.9 ± 4.86 g C m^-2 month^-1, respectively, at LB site. Maximum RE was 92.1 ± 1.32 g C m^-2 month^-1 at MB site and 151.0 ± 2.38 g C m^-2 month^-1 at LB site.Key control factors varied by month during the growing season, but across the whole growing season, NEE and GEE at both sites showed similar trends in sensitivities to photosynthetic active radiation and vapor pressure deficit,and air temperature had the strongest correlation with RE at both sites. Carbon fluxes at LB site were more sensitive to soil water content compared to those at MB site. Both onyear(years when many new shoots are produced) and offyear(years when none or few new shoots are produced)should be studied in bamboo forests to better understand their role in global carbon cycling.     

湖北黄袍林场喜树木本资源及应用

喜树是我国特有的珍贵树种,其次生代谢物因含有一种重要生物碱而闻名。为了宣传这种珍贵喜树资源及推广应用,以湖北国营通城县黄袍林场为对象,简要介绍了黄袍林场喜树的木本资源生长特征、种子园、育苗及推广应用情况。希望引起政府部门和科研人员的重视和研究,提高对这种国家Ⅱ级保护植物的保护及推广应用。     

中国竹林认证现状及趋势

中国是世界上竹子资源最丰富的国家,也是全球竹子资源开发利用最充分的国家。竹林认证是我国森林认证一个重要且有特色的领域。中国竹林认证自本世纪初在浙江的一些地区开始实践至今已经历了10多年的发展,目前总体呈现缓中有进的趋势,已在认证要求、操作程序、模式选择等方面取得了一定进展,为世界竹业发展提供了较好的示范。文中从认证竹林面积与分布、类型与特点以及审核中存在的不符合项等方面总结我国竹林认证现状,指出竹林认证的成效及在实施过程中面临的挑战,分析竹林认证的发展趋势并提出相应对策。     

碱性竹笋专用配方肥研发及肥效试验初报

根据雷竹林的需肥规律、土壤供肥性能和肥料效能,选用碱性的肥料原料,研究配制了碱性竹笋专用配方肥料。土壤酸化的雷竹林施用该肥料后,自然出笋林和覆盖出笋林的土壤pH值分别平均增加0.53和0.18;有机质分别提高9.76%和7.69%;土壤速效氮、速效钾的含量均有所降低;专用配方肥的施肥量较常规肥料减少42%以上,但产笋量平均增加10%以上,笋品质明显提升。碱性竹笋专用配方肥可以起到一肥多效的效果,对保护生态环境、保障食品安全、促进雷竹林可持续发展都具有重要意义。     

不同施肥量对辣木幼苗生长、光合和养分特征的影响

以辣木(Moringa oleifera)品种云南极品27号为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同施肥量处理对辣木幼苗生长指标、光合参数和养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明：随施肥量增多,辣木幼苗的株高、地径、生物量、根长、根直径、根体积、根表面积等生长指标基本表现为先升高后降低的趋势,施肥量为N9P4.5K4.5 g·株-1时达到最高,单株生物量和壮苗指数分别为对照的3.99和1.53倍;适量施肥能显著提高辣木幼苗的光合能力,有利于生物量的积累。随着施肥量的增加,辣木幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、水分利用效率先升高后降低,而蒸腾速率、气孔导度则随施肥量的增加而加大;辣木幼苗根、茎、叶组织中N、P、K含量随施肥量的增加先增多后减少,表观吸收率和施肥效率随施肥量增加显著降低,施肥量增加对根系的影响最大;施肥量为N12P6K6 g·株-1时辣木幼苗各生长、光合、养分含量指标均有所降低,根冠比最低,壮苗指数显著低于对照水平,明显抑制辣木幼苗的生长。总之,辣木幼苗最适施肥量为N9P4.5K4.5 g·株-1,施肥量为N12P6K6 g·株-1时抑制辣木幼苗的生长。     

连续平压法中密度纤维板常见质量问题及其解决措施

Zhou Wei     

濒危植物毛柄小勾儿茶生境特征研究

通过对小勾儿茶Berchemiella wilsonii的变种毛柄小勾儿茶Berchemiella wilsonii(Schneid.)Nakai var.pubipetiolata H.Qian的实地调查,对其分布概况、生境特性以及种群生存概况等方面进行了分析。结果表明:(1)毛柄小勾儿茶主要分布于安徽省霍山县马家河、舒城县万佛山和浙江省临安市湍口乡、临安市马啸乡等地。常见分布于沟边、路边、悬崖峭壁的向阳面。(2)毛柄小勾儿茶对水分及光照的要求较高,喜温暖湿润气候,成年植株主要分布在群落最高层,其幼苗耐荫性差,难以在郁闭度高的林内生长。(3)毛柄小勾儿茶种子大都落在树旁,缺乏有效传播方式,且种子未熟先落,95%无活性,导致极其缺乏幼苗。毛柄小勾儿茶生态位十分狭窄,是群落的伴生种或偶见种,缺乏群落竞争力。毛柄小勾儿茶数量已极其稀少,建议加大保护力度,加快对种子成熟生理机制的研究,提高种子活性。或是探索有效的规模化繁育技术,进行人工抚育小苗,扩大种群数量。     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

云南昆明“楠竹公社”竹子公园规划与建设

竹子历来是中国造园艺术的主要植物用材,其特有的形状、颜色、姿态等具有很高的观赏价值。云南昆明市西山区“楠竹公社”竹子公园是一个以竹景观和竹文化为特色的生态公园。文章详细介绍了竹子公园的功能分区、竹种选择、竹种栽植和管护技术。文章认为,该竹子公园集生态旅游、休闲康养、竹文化知识传播、竹制品展示为一体,既充分考虑现代都市人回归自然、感受自然的需求,又重视人文精神,展现竹文化内涵;竹子公园的建设对于云南昆明地区现代林业资源利用、旅游开发、生态建设、绿色经济发展等具有重大意义。     

中国发展竹质能源的重要意义与建议

竹质能源是生物质能源的重要组成部分,具有热值高、污染低、分布广、储量大、可再生等特点,应用前景广阔,发展潜力巨大,中国发展竹质能源具有重要意义。文章认为,发展竹质能源是竹产业创新发展的重要途径,是助力“双碳”目标实现、推动竹林碳汇健康发展、提高低品质土地利用价值的有益探索;应制定竹质能源的产业扶持政策、开展能源用竹的新品种研发和定向培育、加大竹质能源生产的试验示范,以推动中国竹质能源产业的发展。