果园在线混药型静电喷雾机的设计与试验

为提高果园轻型机动喷雾机的作业性能,设计了一种果园在线混药型静电喷雾机,进行了混药均匀性与稳定性试验和静电喷雾沉积试验。试验测得混药均匀性和混药稳定性的最大变异系数分别为4.46%和3.51%。采用风辅静电喷雾方式的无冠层采样架上采样点正面的雾滴附着率相对于无风辅无静电喷雾方式分别提高了9.3%、46.3%和53.2%,采样点反面的雾滴附着率分别提高了82.9%、164.3%和184.2%。风辅静电喷雾下在仿真柑橘树冠层内部叶片正面的雾滴附着率为48个/cm2左右,叶片反面为37个/cm2,相对于无风辅无静电方式分别提高了166.7%和428.6%。试验结果表明：所设计的在线混药系统具有良好的混药性能,风辅静电式喷雾系统可提高雾滴吸附能力和穿透能力,能够满足25个/cm2的病虫害防治附着率要求。该研究为果园喷雾机的机构设计和性能优化提供参考。     

白云森林公园生态旅游开发的对策研究

森林公园是森林生态旅游发展的主旋律和主要载体。随着人们生活水平不断提高,森林旅游越来越受到人们的重视。作者通过对白云森林公园生态旅游开发的现状进行调查,研究和分析了在开发过程中存在的问题,提出相应的发展对策。     

漩涡泵内部不稳定流场数值模拟

为了研究漩涡泵内部流场对其外特性的影响,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型和结构化网格技术对漩涡泵内部非定常流动进行数值模拟计算。结果表明,漩涡泵流道内压力变化呈直线分布;流道内纵向漩涡随流量的增大而减小,径向漩涡周期性地脱离叶片被液流带走且随着时间增加而增大;设计工况下,各监测点处压力脉动变化呈周期性分布,从流道进口到出口压力脉动幅值逐步增大;不同工况下,叶片通过频率是压力脉动的主频,其对应的压力脉动幅值随流量增大而增大。     

基于粒子滤波的苹果采摘机器人目标姿态估算

针对苹果采摘机器人中果实姿态信息缺失造成果实损伤及采摘失败等问题,根据苹果尾部花萼遗迹区域是否可见分析了果实姿态信息机器视觉测量方法,研究了果实姿态信息的粒子滤波估计。将单目摄像机固定在机器人末端手爪上,在手爪趋近果实的采摘过程中,随机采集多帧果实图像。对每帧图像运用惯性主轴或重心点偏移两种方法计算果实在机器人坐标系下的姿态向量值,并通过粒子滤波融合来得到果实姿态信息的最优估计。实验结果表明,粒子滤波方法可以有效地融合多帧图像的苹果姿态信息,能够减小因依靠单帧图像直接测量而产生的误差。     

基于激光激发叶绿素荧光分析的叶片水分利用效率模型

以无损检测为前提,采用激光为激发光源,对杨树活体叶片进行荧光光谱采集,对采集到的光谱数据进行处理分析得到水分利用效率的荧光光谱敏感波段,建立基于叶片温度修正下的植物水分利用效率与荧光光谱的数学回归模型,模型的复相关系数R2=0.975.并对建立的数学回归模型进行效果检验,相关系数r=0.8746,模型的检测效果较好.     

不同葡萄施药模型选用的对比试验

葡萄施药量应随葡萄冠层生长期变化而相应变化.采用3种施药量调节模型,以达到在葡萄上合理施药的目的.3种模型分别为Unit Canopy Row (UCR)、Leaf Wall Area (LWA)和DOSAVI(N)A.试验结果表明,对于早期葡萄,DOSAVI(N)A和LWA两个模型的沉积量和传统的施药量处理间没有显著性差异;UCR、DOSAVI(N)A和LWA三模型之间也没有显著性差异;在中期,LWA模型和传统的施药量处理在沉积量上仍没有显著性差异,而UCR模型所取得的沉积量显著小于其他3种处理;在后期,传统的施药量仍然取得了最大的沉降量.在所有的试验中,沉积分布(CV值)基本保持一致.     

猪笼草滑移区表面结构参数表征与捕集滑板仿生设计

猪笼草(Nepenthes)叶笼滑移区因具有特殊的表面结构而对昆虫表现出良好的滑移功能。利用扫描电子显微镜和三维白光干涉表面形貌仪对滑移区表面结构进行了显微观测并提取了三维结构参数,结果表明滑移区表面主要由两端略向下弯曲的月骨体和致密无序排列的蜡质晶体组成。基于滑移区表面微结构及其三维参数,利用3DSMAX软件设计了蝗虫捕集滑板的表面结构,为具有良好滑移功能的蝗虫捕集滑板的制造提供了理论基础。     

Evaluation of pea proteins and poultry protein as fish meal alternatives in the diets for juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.     

基于嗅觉可视化技术的猪肉新鲜度等级评判

利用嗅觉可视化技术对猪肉新鲜度等级进行评判.提取猪肉的挥发性气体与可视化传感器阵列进行反应,用图像处理技术分析反应前后传感器阵列的颜色变化,获取反映新鲜度的气味特征信息.通过主成分分析,选取前10个主成分作为所建立的BP神经网络的输入变量,构建猪肉新鲜度等级判别模型,模型的预测正确率为84.62％.研究结果表明:嗅觉可视化技术可用于猪肉新鲜度等级的快速评价.