家兔Zfx基因shRNA干扰载体构建及验证

研究主要是为了构建出针对家兔Zfx基因的shRNA重组载体及效果验证。根据家兔Zfx基因mRNA序列特征,设计出3条shRNA片段,再与线性化的pLL 3.7载体进行连接重组,最后经过qRT-PCR检测Zfx基因mRNA表达量筛选出有效重组表达载体并通过体内试验进行效果验证。结果表明:试验组shRNA-c和shRNA-f干扰效率分别为74%和67%,与空白对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组shRNA-e干扰效果为17%,与空白对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。用shRNA-c和shRNA-f进行体内试验,结果显示,两试验组雄性率分别为44.92%(P>0.05)和33.16%(P<0.01)。本试验成功构建针对家兔Zfx基因的重组载体,体内试验显示子一代出现性别偏移,说明Zfx基因对动物的性别决定有一定作用,关于导致体内验证出现反转的原因仍需进一步验证。     

话说犬的灵活性

犬的灵活性是指犬敏捷与随机应变的性能和程度。一般来说,犬接受事物快,对事物反应敏感,行为动作敏捷,其灵活性就好;反之就差。作为训养犬的人,让自己训养的犬具有很好的灵活性,是每位犬主的共同心愿,以及追求的方向与目标。     

内蒙古自治区畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用的对策与建议

畜牧产业是内蒙古自治区的支柱产业之一,随着畜牧业快速发展,畜禽粪污产量持续增加,导致粪污污染日益严重,因此,畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用显得尤为迫切和重要。调研了内蒙古自治区11个旗（县、区）、95户大中型规模化养殖企业,并通过文献查阅及专家咨询等方式调研了3 700户规模化养殖企业,从内蒙古自治区畜禽粪污的基本特征、畜禽粪污资源化利用主要特征和对策与建议方面分析了自治区畜禽养殖粪污及资源化利用的情况。     

湿地土壤中纤维素降解菌的分离筛选研究

为了得到更高效地分解堆肥中纤维素成分的细菌,以羧甲基纤维素钠为碳源,从土壤样品中初步分离能降解纤维素的细菌,对其进行革兰染色和16S rDNA序列分析;通过纤维素刚果红水解圈测定、滤纸条降解试验和纤维素酶活力测定对已分离保存的菌株做进一步筛选。结果表明,以羧甲基纤维素钠为碳源,初步分离得到土壤中纤维素降解菌41株,进一步筛选到具有刚果红水解圈菌株6株,6株菌中可以更好地降解滤纸条的有3株,分别为XQ-8、XQ-10和XQ-11,经16S rDNA鉴定该3株菌中有2株为吉氏纤维素菌（Cellulomonas gilvus）,1株为恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）,且该3株菌的纤维素酶活力分别为（28.95±1.48）、（54.70±1.56）、（58.85±3.75）U/mL。该研究从土壤中筛选得到了3株具有较高纤维素酶活力的细菌,可以作为有效降解纤维素的潜力菌株进行粪污堆肥发酵剂的研制。     

Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 supplementation improves the meat quality and antioxidant capacity of muscle of broilers

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) on the meat quality and antioxidant capacity of muscle in broilers. A total of 600 Arbor Acre broiler chickens (1‐day‐old, male) were randomly divided into five treatments with six replicates (20 chickens per replicate) for each treatment. The five treatments were the control treatment (CON, basal diet), antibiotic treatment (ANT, basal diet supplemented with 0.1% chlortetracycline) and E. faecium‐supplemented treatments (LEF, MEF and HEF, basal diet supplemented with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of E. faecium respectively). The experiment lasted 42 days in two periods of 21 days. Results showed that there were no differences in breast meat quality among different treatments (p > 0.05). Compared with the CON and ANT treatments, the yellowness of thigh meat in E. faecium‐supplemented treatments was significantly increased (p < 0.05); the shear force of thigh meat in the LEF and MEF treatments was lower than that of the CON treatment (p < 0.05). In addition, the concentration of the inosine monophosphate (IMP) in the breast and thigh meat of the MEF treatment was significantly higher than that of the other treatments (p < 0.05). At 21 days, the total antioxidant capability (T‐AOC) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity of breast meat and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the thigh meat of the MEF treatment were greatly increased (p < 0.05). At 42 days of age, the catalase (CAT), GSH‐Px and T‐AOC activities in the breast meat of the MEF treatment were increased (p < 0.05) and the CAT activity of thigh meat in the LEF and MEF treatments was increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, E. faecium supplementation increased the meat quality of the thigh muscle, increased the IMP content and the activities of CAT, SOD, T‐AOC, and GSH‐Px of muscle in broilers. Supplementation with 100 mg/kg E. faecium had the greatest effects.     

黄瓜性别决定相关基因在不同性型黄瓜种质基因组中的分布

根据已有的决定黄瓜雌性的ACC合酶基因CS-ACS1G,与黄瓜性型有关的ACC氧化酶基因CS-ACO2、CS-ACO3,与黄瓜雌性相关的乙烯受体基因CS-ETR2和CS-ERS的序列,通过设计特异引物,对不同性型黄瓜品种基因组DNA进行扩增。结果表明,5个基因在本试验所用的不同性型黄瓜品种的基因组中均能被检测到,说明这5个性别决定相关基因在本试验中不具有雌性特异性。通过PCR克隆在全雌性黄瓜品种G5224中获得了长度为1 124 bp的ACC合酶基因序列。BLAST分析表明,本试验所获得的ACC合酶基因序列和Trebitsh公布的CS-ACS1G基因序列的同源程度为99 %,表明PCR扩增产物确实为CS-ACS1G基因。此基因在基因组中表现不具雌性特异性的现象与多数研究者的结论相悖。     

番茄灰霉病抗性鉴定技术和抗病QTL的研究现状

综述了番茄灰霉病人工接种抗病性鉴定技术、抗病资源的筛选鉴定、抗病基因的QTL定位,并对未来抗病育种研究进行了展望。     

保存条件对西瓜花粉生活力的影响

西瓜花为半日花,西瓜花粉的生活力在田间条件下开花几小时后即完全丧失。为了延长花粉的生活力,以二倍体西瓜B99品种为试材,研究了不同保存条件对西瓜花粉生活力的影响,结果表明:常温干燥条件下可延长花粉保存时间;低温(4℃)干燥(RH25%)条件下保存花粉,花粉生活力4d内降低较慢,4d后降低稍快,但到第9天仍有1/3以上的花粉具有生活力;前8d的坐果率可达到自然状态(用新鲜花粉授粉)的73%,这在实践中完全可以利用,尤其是对4、5d之内的短期保存更有利用价值。     

动物科学专业认知实习课程教学实践

动物科学专业认知实习是引导学生了解专业、树立专业思想的一个重要环节。通过合理设计课程、精心编排内容等一系列实践,探索出了聘请企业指导教师现场讲解、深入现代化企业感知前沿科技、聘请专家和劳模融入情怀教育、校企协同育人长效机制、加强基地建设等方法,使课程内容不断优化,对引导学生全面认知专业、激发学习热情、树立正确的专业思想、坚定学农爱农为农的信念有较好的积极作用,实现了“既认知动物科技、又感知专业情怀”的“双认知”,同时促进了教学质量的提高。