微酸性电解水对受鸡粪液污染鸡蛋表面沙门氏菌的喷雾消毒效果

为验证仅采用微酸性电解水（Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water,SAEW）对污染鸡粪液鸡蛋进行喷雾清洗和消毒,能否缓解鸡粪等有机物对消毒效果干扰问题,同时找出最佳有效氯浓度和消毒时间。该研究采用喷雾方式,按先清洗后消毒的流程对比双蒸水（H2O）+H2O组（清洗和消毒都用灭菌过的H2O）、碱性电解水（Electronized Reduced Water,ERW）+ERW组（清洗和消毒都用ERW）、H2O+SAEW组（先用灭菌过的H2O清洗,再用SAEW消毒）、ERW+SAEW组（先用ERW清洗,再用SAEW消毒）、SAEW+SAEW组（清洗和消毒都用SAEW）等方式对污染鸡粪液鸡蛋表面沙门氏菌的杀灭效果,并采用多元非线性回归拟合杀菌模型,评估了有效氯浓度和消毒时间对SAEW+SAEW组和ERW+SAEW组的影响。结果发现,仅采用SAEW对污染鸡粪液的鸡蛋进行喷雾杀菌方式,可有效避免鸡粪液对SAEW杀菌效果干扰,当采用SAEW（ACC (Available Chlorine Concentration)= 25 mg/L）进行喷雾清洗和消毒,清洗时间10 s,消毒时间18 s时,可完全杀灭污染鸡粪液鸡蛋表面沙门氏菌,杀菌值达到6.26 lg cfu/个;SAEW+SAEW组模型决定系数和调整决定系数分别为0.933和0.930,ERW+SAEW组分别为0.926和0.923;验证试验中,SAEW+SAEW组和ERW+SAEW组实际值和预测值的相关系数分别为0.97和0.95;模型成立,该研究可为SAEW在鸡蛋消毒中的应用提供参考。     

自然主义的哈尼稻作及其可持续发展

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t探究水稻秸秆的饲用特征对UV-B辐射的响应。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t通过大田原位模拟试验,以元阳梯田传统水稻品种白脚老粳为材料,研究不同强度UV-B辐射处理(0、2.5、5.0和7.5 kJ/m²)对水稻秸秆生长形态(茎秆长、茎粗和生物量)和饲用化学成分(粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、淀粉、可溶性糖和非蛋白氮)的影响,并分析秸秆的品质营养价值指数(秸秆的可吸收营养物质总量TDN、净能NE₁、秸秆干物质采食量DMI、可消化的干物质DDM和相对饲料价值RFV)。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t随着UV-B辐射增强,水稻秸秆的长度和茎粗增加,生物量下降。不同UV-B辐射增强处理下,水稻秸秆的粗蛋白含量、粗纤维含量、粗脂肪含量、粗灰分含量和中性洗涤纤维含量没有显著的差异;非蛋白氮含量、淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量表现出单峰变化规律;酸性洗涤纤维含量在2.5 kJ/m² UV-B辐射处理时最低。2.5和5.0 kJ/m² UV-B辐射处理时,形态响应指数、饲用品质响应指数和综合响应指数较高;2.5 kJ/m² UV-B辐射处理时,秸秆的品质营养价值指数TDN、NE₁、DMI、DDM和RFV最高,分别为46.92 g/kg、5.01 MJ/kg、1.93 g/kg、56.05 g/kg和83.85%。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t适当的UV-B辐射能提高水稻秸秆的饲用特征,UV-B辐射为2.5 kJ/m²时水稻秸秆饲用特征较好。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t     

云南某农村猪戊型肝炎病毒分子流行病学调查

目的了解昆明市某猪场戊型肝炎病毒感染情况,进一步探究病毒基因型及分子进化情况,为戊型肝炎防控提供参考。方法从该猪场随机采集39份新鲜粪便,用逆转录巢式聚合酶链反应对HEV ORF2部分基因片段扩增、克隆及测序;应用生物信息学软件进行同源性分析并构建系统进化树。结果PCR检测结果发现：该猪场核酸阳性率达35.9% (14/39)。同源性分析结果表明：14株流行毒株核苷酸序列与GenBank中HEV I~IV 型参考株的同源性分别为77.4%~83.9%、81.0%~83.2%、78.8%~86.9%和90.5%~98.5%,全部流行株均属基因IV型。进化分析结果表明：YN-KM-9与该猪场其他流行毒株同源性较远,应属不同基因亚型。结论该猪群HEV IV感染率较高,对公共卫生安全构成潜在威胁。     

氮添加对天山高寒草原土壤酶活性和酶化学计量特征的影响

为探究氮添加对高寒草原生态系统土壤酶活性的影响,于2018年在中国科学院巴音布鲁克草原生态系统研究站,选择4个氮添加水平(对照,N0,0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1;低氮,N1,10 kg·hm^-2·a^-1;中氮,N3,30 kg·hm^-2·a^-1;高氮,N9,90 kg·hm^-2·a^-1),开展土壤酶活性对氮添加响应的研究,分析土壤酶活性对氮添加的响应特点,土壤酶化学计量比以及土壤酶活性与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明:与对照相比,氮添加在N3水平显著增加β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、β-D-纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)和β-1,4木糖苷酶(βX)酶活性(P<0.05),N1和N3水平显著增加碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性(P<0.05),N3水平显著降低多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性(P<0.05),氮添加对亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)活性影响不显著,N3水平下显著增加N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,8种土壤酶活性均与土壤有机碳(SOC、NAG除外)和总磷(TP)显著相关,与土壤总氮(TN)不相关。研究区土壤酶活性C∶N∶P化学计量比为1∶1∶1.2,与全球生态系统的土壤酶活性C∶N∶P的比值1∶1∶1相偏离,表明该研究区土壤微生物生长受磷素限制。冗余分析(RDA)进一步揭示出土壤有机碳和土壤全磷含量是影响土壤酶活性的主要因子。     

二月兰与杜鹃花共建百里杜鹃景区景观时空观赏性

百里杜鹃景区花期过于集中,花期大多在4—5月,旅游期短。现以二月兰与优势种马缨杜鹃为试材,通过在马缨杜鹃树下配种二月兰,研究二月兰是否增加景区的观赏效果,同时,研究引种二月兰是否对马缨杜鹃的生长造成不良影响。结果表明:在马缨杜鹃树下种植二月兰并不影响其生长;二月兰的花期为3—5月,株高多分布在50~100cm,与马缨杜鹃相比,在群落上属于下层景观;这使得景区的可观赏时间提前了将近1个月,同时增强景区空间上的观赏效果。     

Production and Identification of Clone Sheep Using Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Donor Cell

In order to obtain the cloned sheep using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs）as the donor cells,the BMSCs of sheep were chosen and reconstructed embryos were built to transfer.10 published microsatellite markers were chosen,and the DNA samples from clone sheep,donor cells and surrogate ewes were amplified,and the relationship of father-son（RCP）was analyzed using the Quantity One for genotyping.The results showed that the reconstructed embryos were successfully built for electric fusion using sheep BMSCs as nuclear donor,and making nuclear transplantation into enucleated mature oocytes of which the fusion rate was 80.62%.20 surrogate ewe were chosen to be implanted with the reconstructed embryos at morula stage by implant surgery,and 5 lambs were born and only 3 were survived.The genotype of cloned sheep was in line with the dornor cell and the RCP were more than 99.999%.In conclusion,the first clone sheep were obtained successfully by using BMSCs as a nuclear donor in this experiment.     

Analysis on Differential Expression Genes in Porcine Aortic Vascular Endothelial Cells Induced by Apolipoprotein C Ⅲ

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression genes induced by ApoCⅢ,and study the function of ApoCⅢ.Porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells were successfully isolated using enzyme digestion,and then screened the differential expression genes induced by ApoCⅢ using the Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed 647 differential expression genes,including 390 up-regulated genes and 257 down-regulated genes.The qRT-PCR results verified that the gene expression results from Solexa sequencing data were reliable.GO and Pathway analysis showed that the function of differential expression genes were related to immune response,cell apoptosis and death.These findings suggested that ApoCⅢ affected the physiological function of porcine aortic endothelial cells by the molecular pathways of inflammation,cell adhesion and apoptosis,which provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis caused by ApoCⅢ.     

利用香菇菌糠栽培罗勒初探

以香菇菌糠为试材,采用不同比例的香菇菌糠和花园土、砂土的混合基质种植罗勒,测定其发芽率、形态指标以及生理指标,研究了香菇菌糠对罗勒幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:适宜种植罗勒的菌糠配方为花园土、菌糠、砂子=6∶1∶1;不同比例的菌糠配方对罗勒的发芽率有一定影响,随着菌糠比例的不断增加,罗勒的发芽率也不断提高,发芽时间也随菌糠的增加有一定缩短;该试验为菌糠的循环利用开辟了一条新的途径。