Oligochitosan induces cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in tobacco suspension cells

Oligochitosan has been shown to induce several plant defense responses. In the present work, the effect of oligochitosan on tobacco cell survival was investigated. The results showed that oligochitosan caused tobacco cell death in a dose-dependent manner. About 40.6 % tobacco cells died when cultured for 72 h after 500 μg ml⁻¹ oligochitosan treatment. Certain aspects of this cell death process appeared to be similar to apoptosis in animal cells. These included shrinkage of cytoplasm and condensation of chromatin. Oligochitosan also induced H₂O₂ accumulation in tobacco cell suspension culture. The role of H₂O₂ in the signal transduction that leads to cell death was investigated. Co-treatment of tobacco cells with oligochitosan and catalase inhibited H₂O₂ accumulation but did not inhibit the induction of cell death. The results suggested that apoptosis-like cell death of tobacco cells induced by oligochitosan is independent of H₂O₂ signal pathway.     

Lead (Pb) accumulation,oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by dietary Pb in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

With the increasing occurrence of dietary lead (Pb) contamination in aquaculture, a better understanding of the toxic effects of dietary Pb on aquatic animals is needed. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to dietary Pb at concentrations of 0, 100, 400 and 800 μg g^?1 dry weight for 60 days, and Pb accumulation in tissues and blood, oxidative stress in posterior kidney and DNA damage in peripheral blood cells were investigated. The results showed that dietary Pb exposure resulted in significant Pb accumulation in tissues and blood, which increased with the dietary Pb concentrations. Pb accumulated in sampled tissues in the following order: posterior kidney>bone>liver>gill>spleen>testis>muscle>brain. Dietary Pb caused a significant increase in the malondialdehyde level and a significant decrease in the total antioxidant capacity content when compared with the control group (P<0.05), accompanied by concentration‐dependent decreases in the glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Pb dose‐dependent DNA damage was observed in peripheral blood cells of tilapia exposed to dietary Pb. The results suggest that dietary Pb exposure can induce significant Pb accumulation in tissues and blood, followed by oxidative stress in posterior kidney and DNA damage in peripheral blood cells of tilapia.     

滇西北四大高原湖泊软体动物现状调查

2008-2010年对滇西北洱海、程海、泸沽湖和碧塔海的软体动物现状进行了全面系统的调查,并在此基础上对比讨论4个湖泊间软体动物生物多样性的差异和水体富营养化过程中软体动物种群结构的改变.在泸沽湖采集到的软体动物标本种类最多,共计23种、1亚种;其次为洱海采集到14种,碧塔海和程海分别采集到6种和5种.将洱海记录的软体动物种类与此次采集到的种类对比,洱海的软体动物种群结构由底栖型向漂浮型转变,这可能与水体富营养化有关.     

阿拉尔垦区不同栽培密度下骏枣果实外观色度的比较

[目的]探究不同栽培密度下骏枣果实色度的差异,为新疆红枣产业的发展提供选择依据和指导信息.[方法]以3-5年生不同栽培密度(1 100、592和317株/667 m2)的骏枣为研究对象,采用X - rite色差计可以快速、准确获得果实的色品坐标系(L、a、b).通过新复极差法分析各栽培密度之间果实色度的差异.[结果]栽培密度为592株/667 m2的骏枣试验地果实色度较其他两个栽培密度(317、1 100株/667 m2)显著,尤其是果实亮度(L)和果实饱和度(C).[结论]充足的光照更有利于提高红枣果实的色度品质,主要是果实的红色程度得到提高.     

从语用失误角度看公示语英译——以伊春市公共场所公示语英译为例

旅游城市的公示语作为一种特殊的文体,有着自身的语言和社会语用特点。鉴于语用学对公示语英译提供了一个新的视角,以语用学的语用失误理论为支撑,从语言语用失误和社交语用失误两个方面对伊春市公共场所公示语英译的语用失误进行了分析。     

加快实现宁夏中部干旱带生态建设与草畜产业发展目标

宁夏中部干旱带干旱少雨,生态环境极为恶劣和脆弱,已成为宁夏经济发展与实施可持续发展战略的主要制约因素.分析中部干旱带的生态气候条件和资源禀赋,提出注重产业结构调整、坚持生态优先、加快培养特色林业产业和加快实施防沙治沙工程等生态恢复措施,旨在为中部干旱带生态建设与草畜产业实现"双赢"的发展目标提出发展思路和对策建议.     

山西省不同资源型地区生态足迹及可持续发展评价

通过聚类分析,将山西的119个县区按照资源的属性,分成矿产资源型地区、农业资源型地区、综合资源型地区、资源匮乏型地区、特色资源型地区等5类不同资源型地区,选取有代表性的县市区作为研究对象,应用生态足迹模型分析其生态经济系统可持续发展状况。结果表明,可持续性石楼县(资源匮乏型地区)>河津市(特色资源型地区)>太谷县(农业资源型地区)>榆次区(综合资源型地区)>盂县(矿产资源型地区),并针对各区域的特点提出相应的转型对策。     

强优势小麦杂交种‘绵杂麦168’选育研究

为利用小麦杂种优势提高产量、改进品质和抗性,采用“四同步一交叉”育种技术和方法,利用具有自主知识产权的温光型两系不育系MTS-1与恢复系MR168配组,育成早熟,穗大粒多,结实正常,高抗条锈病和白粉病,产量高,品质优良,适应性广的杂交小麦新品种‘绵杂麦168’通过国家和省级双审定。总结了‘绵杂麦168’的选育历程,配套栽培技术研究和高产栽培、繁育技术措施;简述了‘绵杂麦168’在区域试验和示范推广中的突出表现,认为‘绵杂麦168’是中国小麦杂种优势利用研究取得的重要成果,具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

浅谈居住区景观设计

当前随着人们生活质量、品位的不断提升,更加关注居住环境。好的景观设计能使楼盘的附加值得到全方位提升,楼盘环境成为消费者辨别产品优劣的最直观标准[1]。在当前绿色、低碳生活的指引下,景观设计已不再是停留在表面的形式上,而是注重生态价值与生态美学、功能与思想内涵的更高层次的统一。     

舞毒蛾ISSR反应体系的优化与建立

舞毒蛾是一种食性广、危害大的林业害虫,遗传多样性的研究有利于揭示不同地理种群的遗传变异情况。以河北舞毒蛾为实验材料,对ISSR反应体系中的5个因子（Taq DNA聚合酶、模板DNA、引物、MgCl2和dNTPs）的8个浓度梯度依次进行试验,每一因子的最佳浓度都用于下一组优化试验,最终确定最佳反应体系优化筛选,结果表明,20μL ISSR反应体系各组分的最适浓度分别为0.5 U Taq DNA聚合酶,1.5 ng/μL模板DNA,2.4μmol/L引物,1.75 mmol/L MgCl2,0.28 mmol/L dNTPs。这一优化的舞毒蛾ISSR-PCR反应体系为进一步利用ISSR分子标记技术对舞毒蛾的遗传多样性分析奠定了良好的试验基础。