西安市区空气污染指数时空分布特征

基于2010-2012年西安市13个空气自动监测站逐日的监测数据,分析空气污染指数的日、月、季度、年际、采暖期和非采暖期变化,并与秦皇岛等北方城市对比,用探索性空间分析技术ESDA研究污染指数的空间自相关和集聚效应.结果表明：空气污染指数的日变化较大,PM10是西安市区的首要污染物;1月、12月污染指数较大,7月、8月较小;空气污染指数表现为4季度＞1、3季度＞2季度;3年来,PM10污染指数有所降低,主城区SO2、NO2污染指数降低,其他地区增加;采暖期污染指数高于非采暖期,采暖期SO2、NO2和PM10指数分别是非采暖期的2.01～2.75、1.42 ～ 1.82和1.18 ～1.36倍;西安市区空气污染指数有弱的正空间自相关,聚集方式以高高（HH）和低低（LL）聚集为主,低高（LH）和高低（HL）聚集为辅,污染指数高低分化.污染指数均表现为中部高,北部低,南部中等.不同污染物污染指数中心的重叠表明,西安市空气质量受SO2、NO2和PM10的共同影响.     

Mycological characteristics of the cultural layer of a medieval settlement on soddy calcareous soils

The difference between fungal communities in the cultural layer of a medieval settlement and in the background soddy calcareous soil is shown. In the cultural layer, the portion of spores, especially large spores (d > 6 μm), in the total fungal biomass is increased, whereas the portion of mycelium, especially with a thickness of > 4 μm, is decreased. The species composition of micromycetes in the cultural layer is also transformed; species from the Aspergillus and Fusarium genera predominate. The frequency and diversity of Penicillium representatives decreases, whereas the fungal species from the Phoma, Doratomyces, Geomyces, and Verticillium genera, which are not typical of the background soil horizons, increases. The diversity of the minor fungal species also increases in the cultural layer. An increased content of keratin-decomposing soil fungi is found in the cultural layer. It is argued that the use of the entire set of these characteristics makes it possible to perform mycological indication of the parts of the cultural layer that served different purposes (ancient streets, house floors, backing of the walls, etc.) within the settlement.     

糠醛厂初馏塔废液对木材腐朽菌的抑制作用

将7种具有代表性的木材腐朽菌,接种在由综合马铃薯培养基和糠醛厂初馏塔废液以不同比例组成的液体介质中,振荡培养的结果表明,这种废液对供试的所有菌种都有很强的抑制生长作用,所加废液在20％以上时,7种木腐菌均不能生长。     

普洱茶对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肠道脂肪吸收及粘膜屏障的干预研究

研究了普洱茶调控非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肠道对长链脂肪酸的吸收,并探讨了其可能机制。将36只SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组、脂肪肝模型组和普洱茶干预组,每组12只。实验第8周末处死所有大鼠,测定大鼠体质量、肝指数及血清血脂水平;采用定量PCR测定大鼠肠道黏膜脂质吸收相关蛋白细胞分化抗原36(Cluster of differentiation 36,CD36)、紧密连接相关蛋白如闭锁蛋白(Occludin)、紧密连接蛋白(Zonula occludens 1,ZO-1)和肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)基因表达水平。研究结果表明,与模型组相比,普洱茶组大鼠体质量和血清LDL-C水平分别下降了16.12%和42.59%;此外,普洱茶组大鼠小肠组织CD36、TNF-α表达水平明显降低,而Occludin、ZO-1表达水平明显升高。研究发现,普洱茶对NAFLD大鼠肠道长链脂肪酸吸收及肠道紧密连接蛋白有一定程度的调控作用,尤其是对NAFLD早期发生发展中游离脂肪酸过度沉积的"第一次打击"有防治价值。     

城乡一体化进程中城乡粘合机制研究述评

对城乡粘合机制进行文献梳理发现：学界关于城乡粘合机制的论点主要有六点,分别是社区粘合说、中间地带粘合说、产业粘合说、生态粘合说、交通交流粘合说、文化教育粘合说;媒体关于城乡粘合机制的观点有六个,分别是人才交流粘合论、商业交流粘合论、公共服务交流粘合论、文化交流粘合论、涉农产业粘合论、公益组织粘合论。当前城乡粘合机制研究偏重于定性分析、宏观视角、分散论述及机制理解,预计未来研究将逐步走向定量实证、微观视角、系统分析与机理探索的道路。     

浙江长兴毛竹覆盖实用技术

毛竹覆盖实用技术在浙江省长兴县广泛应用,取得了较好的示范效果。该技术有效解决了出笋期集中、笋期短等瓶颈问题,提高了竹笋产量和经济效益,提升了竹笋品牌,对竹农致富成效显著。文章介绍了长兴县发展毛竹覆盖实用技术的实施背景、具体技术措施及取得的成效;同时也指出了毛竹覆盖技术在推广过程中存在的问题,并从科学经营的角度,对今后发展毛竹覆盖实用技术提出了建议。     

The state of microbial complexes in soils of forest ecosystems after fires and defoliation of stands by gypsy moths

The state of microbial cenoses in the soils of forest ecosystems damaged by fires of different strengths and gypsy moth outbreaks (Central Siberia) was assessed by the intensity of the basal respiration, the content of carbon of the microbial biomass, and the microbial metabolic quotient. The degree of the disturbance of the microbial cenoses in the soils under pine forests after fires was higher than that in the soils under the forests defoliated by gypsy moths. The greatest changes of the microbial complexes were recorded after the fires of high and medium intensity. In the litters, the content of the microbial biomass, the intensity of basal respiration, and the microbial metabolic quotient value were restored on the fifth year after the fires, whereas in the upper (0–10 cm) soil layer, these parameters still differed from those in the control variant, especially after the highly intense fires. After the weak fires, the ecophysiological state of the microbial complexes was restored within two-three years.