<Emphasis Type="Italic">Samardala</Emphasis>: specificities and changes in the ethnobotanical knowledge about <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allium siculum</Emphasis> subsp<Emphasis Type="Italic">. dioscoridis</Emphasis> (Sm.) K. Richt. in Bulgaria

Allium siculum Ucria is a perennial bulbous plant that occurs in Bulgaria as A. siculum subsp. dioscoridis (Sm.) K. Richt. The plant is locally known as “samardala”. Its herbage is used traditionally by local communities in Bulgaria as edible green and for preparation of salty spice mixtures. The study was focused on the documentation of traditional knowledge about samardala, covering local collection and cultivation practices, processing methods and consumption preferences. The respondents (aged 30–86 years, 50% over 65) were local producers and small-scale salesmen of the herbage and samardala-containing spices. To assess the health features of samardala spices the total phenol and flavonoid content was measured in home-consumed or marketed flavoured salts. Overall appreciation of the plant and related food products was found to be very high; presenting a considerable engagement of the locals in plant cultivation and gathering, laborious processing and consumption. Traditional ecological knowledge about the biology, phenology and ecology of the samardala plant and methods for its processing is still preserved by elderly people who rely mostly on their own cultivated plants. Although the introduction of modern appliances has altered the method of production, its main stages and the recipes are preserved. Modernization of the processing method has not affected the quality of the products and faster processing could be a contributing factor for the higher content of biologically active substances. Phenolic content was about twice as low as the flavonoid content, following the same pattern for all tested flavoured salts. Measures for better management of natural populations and promotion of cultivation practices of A. siculum subsp. dioscoridis would ensure the sustainable quality of traditional products as well as conservation of the natural plant resources.     

Genetic polymorphism of the bovine leukemia virus in the Russian federation

Nucleotide sequence of a section of the Env 105 gene of bovine leukemia provirus isolates, obtained from farm animals in different regions of Russia, was determined. Conducted phylogenetic analysis has allowed us to assess heterogeneity of the studied population of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Based on results of BLV genetic diversity, four virus’s genotypes—I, II, IV, and VII with dominating genotype IV—were detected.     

Rapid vegetative propagation of conifers

Factors influencing the rooting-potential of stem cuttings of conifers were studied for the purpose of improving methods of rapid vegetative propagation. Within the bounds of hereditary limits, root regeneration depends, to a considerable extent, on the qualities of rooting-media, date of cutting excision, age and physiological conditions of the stock plant, age of the cutting-wood, its position on the plant, and chemical treatment. Hardwood cuttings, which have a relatively high content of endogenous auxin and carbohydrates, and morphological root initials, gave the best results. This method made it possible to increase the growth rate of cuttings 2.5–5 times that of cuttings taken from shoots of current growth.     

Mechanism of the relation between the content of nitro and nitroso compounds in amnion and allantois of chicken embryos and rate of posthatch chick growth

It is established that metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) in the chicken embryo and posthatch growth rate of chicks have a direct relation which is determined both by the genotype and by external factors influencing posthatch growth rate.     

培养基成分对木霉菌合成木聚糖酶的影响

木低聚糖可以从木质纤维的有控酶降解反应获得 .该文采用培养木霉菌 ,使其在最佳条件下比较专一性地合成木聚糖酶 ,这种最佳条件包括培养基成分的探索和培养条件的控制两方面 .期望用这种木聚糖酶降解木质纤维原料时 ,能尽可能多地得到木低聚糖 ,而较少出现木单糖 .首先就碳源、氮源、碳氮比等因素对木聚糖酶活性的影响进行了研究 .结果表明 ,以杨木粗木聚糖为碳源 ,以酵母浸膏为氮源 ,碳源浓度控制在 7g L左右 ,碳氮比在 7 8以上 ,所产生的木聚糖酶活性较高 ,且木聚糖酶与纤维素酶酶活的比值较高 ,即所产酶的选择性较好     

Doubled haploid production of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) through irradiated pollen-induced parthenogenesis

Induced parthenogenesis as a possible method of haploidization in sunflower (H. annuus L.) was tested in previous investigations (Todorova et al., 1994) and conditions for reproducible regeneration of gynogenic doubled haploids were established by the present work. Forty eight treatments were studied, involving four pollen donors and four recipient hybrids. Pollen was irradiated with doses of 300 Gy, 600 Gy and 900 Gy. In total, 2279 embryos were cultivated in vitro of which 1107 plants were obtained and 582 of them produced seeds after selfing. The ploidy level of the regenerants was evaluated at the two – three leaf stage and 296 of the plantlets obtained were haploids. Some of them underwent spontaneous diploidization, the others were treated with colchicine solution for chromosome doubling. The diploid plantlets were checked for their gynogenic origin by genetical and biochemical methods. The effectiveness of the method expressed as the number of agronomically useful DH lines to the number obtained that were fertile and resistant to downy mildew, branched and unbranched plants was 8,6% on average. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大肠杆菌猪水肿毒素B亚单位基因的克隆与鉴定

根据已知大肠杆菌志贺氏菌样毒素Ⅱ型变异体Ｂ亚单位（ＳＬＴ－ＩＩｖＢ）基因序列,设计并合成３条２对引物,以大肠杆菌Ｏ１３８基因组为模板,通过聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）分别扩增出２０４ ｂｐ的基因序列及包含一段信号肽的２６１ ｂｐ基因序列。将这两段ＤＮＡ分别克隆进表达性载体质粒ＰＹＡ３３３４的ＥｃｏＲⅠ和ＢａｍＨⅠ位点之间,经地高辛标记探针进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和酶切分析鉴定,并对两条扩增片段进行序列     

Bacterial diversity in peat bogs of karst depressions

Bacterial diversity in peat bogs of the karst origin was studied with the use of traditional inoculation methods and modern molecular techniques. Representatives of phylogenetic groups of Proteobacteria and Acidibacteria predominated among the domain of Bacteria. Aquaspirillum and Bacillus predominated in the saprotrophic bacterial complex. The amount of actinobacteria in the studied peat samples was higher than that in typical oligotrophic peat bogs.     

木质纤维生物量一步法(SSF)转化成乙醇的研究进展

该文综述了木质纤维生物量一步法 (SSF)转化成乙醇的研究进展 ,总结了SSF法的优点 ,提出了现阶段SSF法存在的问题以及在今后研究中需要解决的问题 .