甘蓝型油菜热激蛋白HSP70基因家族的鉴定和分析

热休克蛋白也称热激蛋白(heat shock protein,HSP),是植物在受到生长环境中不利的生长因子胁迫时产生的一种用于抗逆的防御蛋白,其中在生物体中分布最普遍的一种热激蛋白是热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,HSP70).为全面、深入地了解芸薹属HSP70基因家族的信息,本研究对芸薹...     

耕地生态安全动态评价及障碍因子诊断——以黄河下游沿黄县区为例

[目的]对黄河流域下游耕地生态安全进行动态评价,并诊断其人为障碍因子,旨在发现人类不合理行为对下游耕地生态安全造成的危害,为黄河下游生态保护和高质量发展提供现实科学依据.[方法]以黄河下游沿黄49县区为研究对象,基于PSR模型构建耕地生态安全评价指标体系,运用物元可拓、马尔科夫链模型等方法开展研究.[结果]①2000-...     

基于FCN的无人机玉米遥感图像垄中心线提取

为解决农业机器人在玉米田行间行走的全局路径规划问题,该研究提出一种基于全卷积神经网络(FullyConvolutional Networks,FCN)的无人机玉米遥感图像垄中心线提取方法.基于无人机获取的高精度可见光遥感图像,设计了针对农田垄中心线提取的数据集标注方法,采用滑动窗口法进行图像分块,利用深度学习语义分割网...     

土壤粒径对灌木植物根-土摩阻特性影响

为了系统性研究灌木植物根系的固土力学效应,探讨土体对根系的摩阻特性,以4种不同土壤粒径（原级配,1.0~2.0,0.5~1.0,<0.5 mm）和3年生的典型护坡植物种火棘及紫穗槐为研究对象,采用室内直剪的方式对根系进行根—土界面直剪摩擦试验。结果表明：（1）根—土及土—土界面的摩阻强度与垂直荷载呈明显的正线性关系;随土体粒径的增加,根—土及土—土界面的摩阻强度、摩擦系数、黏聚力和摩擦角均呈现下降趋势,且在相同粒径范围内,火棘根—土界面摩阻特性显著优于紫穗槐和素土;（2）根—土界面与素土界面的剪应力随位移的增长速率呈现先增大后减小的趋势;根—土界面剪应力与位移关系曲线呈现曲折蜿蜒式上升,而素土曲线表现为平缓式上升;（3）土体粒径越小,根土间接触面的比表面积越大,细小的土壤颗粒与根表面发生镶嵌,加大接触面的咬合力,使摩阻能力加大。研究结果对进一步探讨灌木植物根—土相互作用力学机制,以及利用灌木植物提高试验区边坡土体稳定性、防治坡面浅层滑落具有一定的理论指导意义。     

新疆机采棉发展回顾、现状分析及措施建议

棉花是新疆的支柱产业,对我国经济发展具有重要战略地位,其兴衰直接关系到新疆乡村振兴战略的实施和棉农植棉积极性的提高。近年来,机采棉的大面积推广应用极大地提高了采棉效率,缓解了用工难的问题,但棉花价格却在低位徘徊,棉农收益并没有因采棉效率的增加而提高。通过回顾新疆机采棉的发展历程,简述了新疆机采棉发展现状,提出了新疆机采棉发展存在的问题和发展建议,旨在为我国新疆机采棉产业发展提供解决思路,推动新疆棉花产业的可持续发展。     

A Lymphoid Organ Specific Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor from Litopenaeus vannamei Exhibits Strong Antimicrobial Activities

Different shrimp species are known to possess apparent distinct resistance to different pathogens in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this finding still remains unknown. One kind of important antimicrobial peptides, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALF), exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Here, we reported a newly identified ALF from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and compared the immune function with its counterpart in the shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The ALF, designated as LvALF8, was specifically expressed in the lymphoid organ of L. vannamei. The expression level of LvALF8 was apparently changed after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenges. The synthetic LBD peptide of LvALF8 (LvALF8-LBD) showed strong antibacterial activities against most tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. LvALF8-LBD could also inhibit the in vivo propagation of WSSV similar as FcALF8-LBD, the LBD of LvALF8 counterpart in F. chinensis. However, LvALF8-LBD and FcALF8-LBD exhibited apparently different antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus, the main pathogen causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of affected shrimp. A structural analysis showed that the positive net charge and amphipathicity characteristics of LvALF8-LBD peptide were speculated as two important components for its enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to those of FcALF8-LBD. These new findings may not only provide some evidence to explain the distinct disease resistance among different shrimp species, but also lay out new research ground for the testing and development of LBD-originated antimicrobial peptides to control of shrimp diseases.     

打顶时间对一膜三行等行距密植机采棉的影响

为探索1膜3行等行距机采棉模式下不同打顶时间对棉花生长发育、产量及品质的影响,在新疆生产建设兵团第一师十二团试验站开展不同打顶时间试验,6月20日－7月10日每隔5 d为一个打顶时间处理,采用定点定时调查方法研究不同打顶时间处理后棉花农艺性状、产量和品质的变化情况。结果表明,打顶早的处理棉花营养生长向生殖生长转化快,富余养分流向叶枝,叶枝成铃多。6月30日打顶的产量最高,显著高于其它4个处理。6月20日和25日打顶的处理虽然铃重大,但单株果枝数少,单株结铃少,产量低于7月5日和7月10日打顶处理。打顶早的棉花纤维上半部平均长度和马克隆值优于打顶晚的处理。     

Relationships Among the Feeding Behaviors of a Mirid Bug on Cotton Leaves of Different Ages and Plant Biochemical Substances

Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) tends to feed on young plant tissues. To explore the relationship between stylet probing behaviors of adult A. lucorum and conditions of cotton leaves, we conducted an experiment using electropenetrography (EPG). Behaviors were recorded on four cotton varieties, in relation to thickness and biochemical traits of differently-aged leaves. Cotton leaf age had a significant effect on the probing behavior of A. lucorum but cotton variety did not. One-day-old leaves of A. lucorum received the highest mean number of stylet probes (penetrations) per insect, and longest mean durations per insect of combined stylet probing or its components, cell rupture and ingestion behaviors. All of the leaf traits (thickness and biochemical substances) were similar among these four cotton varieties. Leaf thickness had a significantly negative effect on the same four variables above. Gossypol and tannin also had a negative impact on combined probing duration. Redundancy analysis showed that the four EPG variables were closely related to nutrient substances (amino acids, sugar, and water) while they had the opposite relationship with plant defense substances (gossypol and tannin). On cotton in the seedling stages, A. lucorum fed more readily on the youngest, thinnest leaves in our no-choice EPG experiments. Nutrients and chemical resistance substances determined the probing duration of A. lucorum. Our findings can contribute to better understanding of patterns of feeding and host consumption by A. lucorum, ultimately improving cotton resistance to A. lucorum.     

Improvement,identification, and target prediction for miRNAs in the porcine genome by using massive,public high-throughput sequencing data

Despite the broad variety of available microRNA (miRNA) research tools and methods, their application to the identification, annotation, and target prediction of miRNAs in nonmodel organisms is still limited. In this study, we collected nearly all public sRNA-seq data to improve the annotation for known miRNAs and identify novel miRNAs that have not been annotated in pigs (Sus scrofa). We newly annotated 210 mature sequences in known miRNAs and found that 43 of the known miRNA precursors were problematic due to redundant/missing annotations or incorrect sequences. We also predicted 811 novel miRNAs with high confidence, which was twice the current number of known miRNAs for pigs in miRBase. In addition, we proposed a correlation-based strategy to predict target genes for miRNAs by using a large amount of sRNA-seq and RNA-seq data. We found that the correlation-based strategy provided additional evidence of expression compared with traditional target prediction methods. The correlation-based strategy also identified the regulatory pairs that were controlled by nonbinding sites with a particular pattern, which provided abundant complementarity for studying the mechanism of miRNAs that regulate gene expression. In summary, our study improved the annotation of known miRNAs, identified a large number of novel miRNAs, and predicted target genes for all pig miRNAs by using massive public data. This large data-based strategy is also applicable for other nonmodel organisms with incomplete annotation information.     

白藜芦醇和褪黑素对绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞转染及卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

试验旨在利用白藜芦醇(Re)和褪黑素(MT)提高绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞电穿孔转染(电转)效率、优化卵母细胞体外成熟体系,以提高转基因动物生产效率。将绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞分为6组:对照组、添加白藜芦醇高、中、低(R^-5、R^-6、R^-7)3种浓度组及白藜芦醇和褪黑素联合添加组(R^-5M^-5、R^-6M^-7),通过电转效率和细胞凋亡情况确定电转体系优化方案;通过对细胞周期、线粒体膜电位及活性氧(ROS)的检测研究其作用机制。将绵羊卵母细胞分为对照组及白藜芦醇和褪黑素(R^-5M^-5、R^-6M^-7)联合添加组,通过绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟后卵丘细胞扩展、第一极体排出及体外受精胚胎的卵裂率检测其对卵母细胞体外成熟的作用。研究结果显示,分离的绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞P3代增殖旺盛,细胞生长曲线呈典型的S型;与对照组相比,所有试验组胎儿成纤维细胞的电转效率均显著提高(P<0.05),R^-5M^-5组电转效率最高;R^-6M^-7组显著降低细胞凋亡率(P<0.05),R^-5、R^-6、R^-5M^-5和R^-6M^-7组均显著促进细胞增殖(P<0.05);R^-6、R^-7、R^-5M^-5和R^-6M^-7组G1期细胞增加,S期细胞相对减少,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);R^-6、R^-7、R^-5M^-5和R^-6M^-7组成纤维细胞内ROS水平均显著降低(P<0.05),R^-6、R^-5M^-5和R^-6M^-7组线粒体膜电位均显著增加(P<0.05);R^-6M^-7组显著促进绵羊卵丘细胞扩展、提高卵母细胞第一极体排出率和体外受精胚胎发育能力(P<0.05)。综上,白藜芦醇和褪黑素可以优化绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞电转体系,提高卵母细胞体外成熟效率,为白藜芦醇和褪黑素在转基因动物生产中的应用提供参考依据。