各向同性人造板材料弹性模量测量及其标准差评价

弹性模量是衡量人造板材料力学性能的重要指标,用标准差法对其进行综合评价尤为必要,对其实测及方差分析具有较好的应用价值。采用三点弯曲静力法和悬臂梁自由端振动法,测定各向同性HDF、三合板和OSB试材的静弹性模量和动弹性模量。在实测数据分析中,为反映总体弹性模量实测值数据集的离散程度及落在样本统计值某一区内的概率,还确定了其置信区间,评价了置信度。结果表明:各向同性人造板材料的静弹性模量和动弹性模量测试结果一致,其置信区间越大,置信水平越高。     

福州细叶榕传粉生物学

在福州地区选取85株细叶榕,对其传粉生物学进行研究.细叶榕榕果发育过程可划分为5个时期:雌前期、雌花期、间花期、雄花期和花后期.细叶榕雌花有长花柱、短花柱之分,柱头较长且弯曲,每个柱头独立,没有形成有利于小蜂传粉和产卵的联合柱头平台,雄花迟熟.细叶榕常年挂果,每年的4--8月为花序芽萌发高峰期,单株每年结果1～4次.细叶榕榕果从雌前期到花后期的发育时间长短与水热条件密切相关,在较为干冷的10月至翌年3月,细叶榕榕果发育较慢,一个发育周期通常需要3-6个月；在较为湿热的4-9月,榕果发育明显变快,一个发育周期仅需1-2个月.榕果的发育呈现株间、株内异步,花序发育周期交叠的现象频繁发生.细叶榕雌花期单果进蜂数量以1-2只占绝对优势,使个体小、数量多的榕果能够获得有效进蜂,既保证了传粉小蜂在榕果狭小空间内的有效传粉,也保证了榕树自身的正常结实,是榕-蜂协同进化的结果.福州细叶榕榕果内有17种小蜂,隶属于小蜂总科中的6个科(亚科),其中榕小蜂科的Eupristina verticillata是细叶榕唯一的传粉者,在榕小蜂群落结构中占绝对优势.细叶榕种子产出率明显较低,仅为13.64％,可能是其柱头未形成联合柱头平台,以及非传粉小蜂种类和数量较多的缘故.细叶榕可能通过增加年花期数(结果批次)来增加种子的产出,以确保自身的繁衍.本研究结果为城市绿化和热带雨林生物多样性保护提供科学依据.     

高职院校《可编程序控制器应用技术》课程改革研究

文章介绍了笔者在《可编程控制器应用技术》教学过程中,运用项目化教学方法,将教学内容贯穿于多个实际工作项目中,模拟生产实际过程,从而激发学生的学习兴趣,同时提高学生的基础知识水平和实际操作能力。     

天津滨海盐土的脱盐碱化及其防治

天津滨海盐土在长期治理过程中由于盐土的脱盐碱化，以及缺少有机肥料和低矿化（高钠）碱性水灌溉等原因，已出现了程度不等的碱化土壤。试验表明，应用有机无机改土剂和增施有机肥、深耕深翻、咸淡水混合灌溉等农艺措施，并与工程措施、生物措施相结合进行综合治理，能收到明显的改良效果。     

过表达桑树色氨酸脱羧酶基因(MnTDC)转基因烟草提高其耐盐性

褪黑素在植物生长、发育、生物与非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用.色氨酸脱羧酶(tryptophan decarboxylase,TDC)是褪黑素生物合成中第一个重要的酶.本研究克隆川桑TDC基因,并将其转入烟草中过表达,探讨MnTDC在盐胁迫下的作用机制.结果 表明,成功构建过表达载体pLGNL-MnTDC,并经过农杆菌介导的愈伤组织转化获得3个独立转基因系.GUS染色、基因组PCR鉴定证明MnTDC成功转化到烟草株系中.qRT-PCR结果表明MnTDC在3个转基因烟草株系中的转录水平显著高于野生型(WT).UPLC-MS/MS结果表明转基因株系显著提高了褪黑素的生物合成量.盐胁迫下,Mn TDC过表达烟草与野生株系烟草相比,耐盐性显著增强.转基因烟草株系中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著高于野生株系烟草,脯氨酸(Pro)等调节渗透压物质的含量和ERD10C等调节渗透压的基因表达量显著高于野生株系烟草,转基因株系中丙二醛(MDA)含量比野生株系烟草低.研究结果表明,MnTDC通过调节烟草细胞中褪黑素的含量进而影响了烟草植株整体的耐盐性.本研究初步揭示了MnTDC基因的抗逆功能,为桑树耐盐分子育种提供了重要候选基因和理论参考.     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

基于自适应逆控制技术的连续流粮食干燥系统研究

连续流粮食干燥过程是一个非线性大滞后多变量的过程,要精确控制粮食出口的终水分比较困难。本文设计一种新的连续流粮食干燥过程的控制方法,对连续流粮食干燥过程中的多个影响因素进行研究,分析粮食干燥自控系统在设计时所必须选择的可测干扰、数字变量、控制变量和被控变量等,并且提出基于自适应逆控制技术的连续流粮食干燥系统的离散化模型,主要针对工业控制对象中存在的时变和时滞问题,推导出该连续流粮食干燥控制系统的预测模型。通过实验对实际系统进行验证,结果证明本系统具有较好的鲁棒性和稳定性。     

新疆兵团设施园艺机械化发展现状及建议

新疆兵团设施园艺机械化近年来得到了快速发展,但仍然存在着装备结构不合理、社会服务体系不完善、设施农业技术培训跟不上发展需求等诸多制约因素。为此,根据所收集的资料、数据和实际情况,对兵团设施园艺农业机械化发展现状进行了客观的分析、评价、总结,研究探讨了新形势下新疆兵团设施农业现代化产业结构调整及未来的发展方向,并提出了相应的对策及建议,以促进兵团设施园艺农业的可持续发展。     

烟草田间起垄机作业适应性研究

对开沟式和盒式的1WG-6.3型自走式小型起垄机进行田间试验,并对其作业效益、作业效率及作业效果等指标进行测量及性能分析对比。结果表明:盒式起垄机每公顷平均油耗较低,作业效率较高,稳定性好,起垄效果较好,能满足烤烟种植起垄效果的农艺要求;开沟式起垄机能满足烤烟种植垄底宽、垄高的农艺要求,但不能满足烤烟种植垄基宽的农艺要求,且每公顷平均油耗较高,作业效率较低,稳定性较差,垄形一般。因此,盒式起垄机更能适应烟草田间起垄作业。