猪流行性腹泻病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据Gen Bank报道的N基因高度保守核苷酸序列,设计并合成一对引物。上下游引物与Gen Bank中登录的153株猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)N基因全长序列匹配度分别是100%和97%。以本实验室分离流行毒株为模板,利用SYBR Green I荧光染料法进行RT-PCR扩增,获得扩增产物构建重组质粒作为阳性对照,建立检测猪流行性腹泻病毒核酸的方法。同一样品进行3次重复试验,变异系数0.9%。通过对临床样品进行检测和测序验证,核酸检测结果中的阳性样品准确率为100%。本研究所建立的荧光定量PCR检测方法具有快速、灵敏、准确等优点,可用于临床PEDV的检测及分子流行病学调查。     

浅议吸收国际标准应重视标准的经济和贸易属性

我国是畜牧业生产大国,畜禽饲养总量已连续多年稳居世界前列,如何将这种生产优势尽快转化为贸易优势和经济优势是我国加入WTO之后畜牧业发展面临的重要问题。我国近年来参与国际贸易竞争的情况表明,以卫生质量标准为表现形式的技术性贸易壁垒是制约畜产品出口的主要障碍。根据WTO相关规则,采用国际标准是突破这种障碍的基本途径之一。本文通过介绍畜产品贸易中的国际标准及我国的采标情况,从标准的经济和贸易属性出发,对采用国际标准的问题进行探讨,以期对我国今后的采标工作有所帮助。1畜产品贸易中的国际标准在畜产品国际贸易协调中发…     

浅谈安静型缉毒犬的训练

在缉毒工作实践中,安静型缉毒犬以它搜索范围广、快速、高效、准确的工作能力,被海关、公安机关等部门列为查毒、禁毒的有力武器,     

犬类诱食剂中酶解反应与美拉德反应最佳条件优化研究

试验旨在开发一款适用于干犬粮的诱食剂,研究犬类诱食剂中酶解反应与美拉德反应的最佳条件.试验选用鸡胸肉、鸡心、鸡肝为主要原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶进行水解,在酶解液中添加木糖和L-半胱氨酸,利用美拉德反应产物制备适合犬类的诱食剂.采用单因素和正交试验,以水解度为考核指标,研究水解反应过程;通过感官评价及动物试验探索最佳美拉德反...     

Identification and molecular characterization of a novel flavivirus isolated from Pekin ducklings in China

A flavivirus-associated disease of egg-laying ducks was observed in eastern China in 2010, and a novel mosquito-borne flavivirus, Tembusu virus (TMUV), was isolated (Cao et al., 2011). Following up on the earlier study, a virus similar to TMUV was isolated recently from ducklings and characterized. We report that (1) the recently isolated virus, TMUV ZJ-6, replicated in vertebrate cells (DF-1, BHK-21) as well as in mosquito cells (C6/36) and caused cytopathic effect (CPE) in the cell lines tested; (2) extracellular viral particles examined by electron microscopy were approximately 45 nm in diameter and enveloped; (3) the full-length genome of the virus was determined, showing that the TMUV ZJ-6 is more closely related to the Ntaya group of viruses than other members of the Flaviviridae based on the data of phylogenetic analyses. Most importantly, the disease of ducklings was reproducible after administration of plaque-purified virus by intracerebral (i.c.), subcutaneous (s.c.) or intranasal (i.n.) inoculation. This is the first report that TMUV infects not only egg-laying ducks but also 3-21 days-old ducklings. The findings extend our understanding of how the virus spreads and causes disease.     

中华蜜蜂保种(资源)分子生物学评价方法

中华蜜蜂是我国独特的东方蜜蜂遗传资源,具有非常重要的利用与保护价值。随着技术的发展,基于分子生物学的保种手段也逐渐展开。本文详细阐述了蜜蜂保种的重要性,介绍了适用于蜜蜂资源评价的常用遗传标记以及适用于遗传资源保护的评价指标,为中蜂资源保护与利用工作提供理论与实践指导。     

Effects of dietary lipid levels on lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolic enzymes in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolic enzymes in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Four isonitrogenous (300 g/kg crude protein) experimental diets containing graded levels of lipid (25, 55, 85 and 115 g/kg) were randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 180 juvenile fish. Fish were fed twice daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the growth performance and proximate composition of fish were determined. The activities and gene expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were assessed as well. Fish fed the diets with 55 and 85 g/kg lipid had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain than those fed the diets with 25 and 115 g/kg lipid. The whole-body and liver lipid contents were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated with increasing dietary lipid levels. Moreover, the activities and mRNA abundances of LPL and HSL in the liver, dorsal muscle and fat tissues were markedly altered by dietary lipid levels. Our data demonstrate a profound influence of dietary lipid levels on the growth and lipid deposition in hybrid tilapia, which is likely associated with the regulation of lipid metabolic enzymes including LPL and HSL.     

白羊草叶片和根系干旱胁迫下microRNAs差异表达分析

为了探索干旱胁迫下白羊草miRNAs的组织特异性,本研究在干旱胁迫下白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemum）转录组数据的基础上,采用Illumina测序技术和生物信息学方法,对干旱胁迫和正常生长条件下白羊草苗期叶片和根系miRNAs（microRNAs）进行鉴定和表达分析研究。结果从4个库中鉴定出白羊草中有属于20个家族的79个已知miRNAs和92个新miRNAs。干旱胁迫后叶片和根系中差异表达的miRNAs分别有65个（上调28和下调37）和27个（上调15和下调12）。响应干旱胁迫的主要miRNAs为miR156,miR164,miR166,miR169,miR172,miR396,miR398,miR408,miR528。对这些miRNAs预测的靶基因进行GO生物功能和KEGG代谢通路富集分析表明,植物激素信号转导是叶片和根系响应干旱胁迫共同富集的主要代谢通路,而黄酮类化合物生物合成则是干旱胁迫下叶片富集的最主要代谢通路。     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.