向日葵上一种列当的发生分布及防治

从1979～1980年调查研究明确了吉林省白城地区寄生在向日葵上的恶性杂草——列当的种名是Orobanche coerulescens Steph(本文暂称白城列当)而不是向日葵列当(O.cumana)。白城列当在全地区8个县均有分布,发生密度较大的地块1平方米均有300棵左右,寄生株率96%以上,1株向日葵上最多寄生146棵。其垂直分布主要在土壤耕层里,是寄生于向日葵根部,以5～15厘米耕层寄生率最高达93%。在向日葵植株周围的水平分布以距向日葵5～20厘米寄生率达68.1%。被害的向日葵植株,表现株矮、茎细、盘小,甚至全株枯死。籽实减产38.3～70.3%,籽仁含油率降低3.3～17.9%,严重影响向日葵的生产,应引起各方面重视。提出因地制宜地采取选育抗性品种,合理轮作及提早铲除等综合防治措施,以便尽早地消灭在始发阶段。     

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickensOA

Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF) of vitamin C(VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems.Results: Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during p...     

分子生物学技术在真菌种性检测中的应用

本文介绍了当前应用于真菌分类学中的六种分子生物学技术（G C值、DNA互补,RNA技术,RFLP、RAPD五种核酸技术和一种蛋白质技术——同工酶技术）的原理、操作。适用范围及其应用状况,为食、药用真菌研究者和生产者提供参考。     

盐类对南方根结线虫迁移能力和侵入能力的影响

为探讨无机盐和有机盐对南方根结线虫的作用方式,在室内利用沙柱法和染色法测定了二者对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫迁移能力及侵入番茄根部能力的影响。结果表明,随着各盐处理浓度的增加,南方根结线虫2龄幼虫的迁移能力和侵入能力显著降低。在4μg/m L KSCN、C6H8O7、KCl、KH2PO4、KHCO3和Mn SO4·H2O沙柱中,15 d后2龄幼虫的平均迁移距离最小,分别为0、0.33、0.52、0.53、0.55和0.58 cm,而对照为0.94 cm。2龄幼虫在Ba NO3、K2HPO4、KHCO3、Cs Cl和KSCN各浓度沙柱中的平均迁移距离均小于0.94 cm。2μg/m L NH4NO3、KH2PO4、(NH4)2CO3、Cs Cl、(NH4)2SO4、Na SCN和NH4SCN处理15 d后,2龄幼虫对番茄根部的侵入率最低,分别为1%、2.33%、1.33%、2%、2%、1%和1.67%。表明对2龄幼虫侵入番茄根部抑制效果最明显的盐为NH4NO3、KH2PO4、(NH4)2CO3、Cs Cl、(NH4)2SO4、Na SCN和NH4SCN。     

咪鲜胺·抑霉唑混配制剂的反相离子对液相色谱分析

本文采用反相离子对色谱梯度洗脱外标法对咪鲜胺．抑霉唑乳油的2种有效成分进行一次性定量检测,采用C18色谱柱,以0．012mol／L庚烷磺酸钠(pH=2．5) 甲醇=30 70;20 80为流动相,流速1．5mL／min,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长：220nm。该方法中咪鲜胺和抑霉唑的标准偏差分别为0．065和0．024,变异系数分别为0．53％和1．13％．线性相关系数分别为0．9994和0．9995,平均回收率分别为99．4％、100．1％。     

Human and climatic drivers of land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River basin,China

Climate and human activities change spatial and temporal distribution of water and land use. The Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, faced a long-term exploitation of land and water over a rapid economic development. We analyzed land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River Basin by Landsat images, and data on hydrology, climate, population, economy and PM_2.5 (air particulate matter ≤2.5 μm). Agricultural land expanded the fastest (4–11%), followed by natural vegetation (15–16%) and water area (4–5%) with population and economic increase. Air quality (PM_2.5 μg m⁻³) improved in upper (62–27) and middle (48–17) reaches. The water area in lower increase 5% because of ecological water delivery since 2000. Land use in the lower reach was dominated by agriculture, where the downstream runoff consumption increased by 6.8 times. The average annual air temperature and precipitation gradually increased by 0.5 °C and 51 mm in source and 0.9 °C and 30 mm in main reaches. The average annual water consumption in upper and middle reaches was 4 × 10⁹ m³, accounting for 87% of input runoff in the main reach. Water consumption in middle reach increased by 33 times in 2009–2017. The industry structure was changing from primary to secondary and tertiary industry. To sum up, implementation of water saving strategies and ecological water delivery restored local ecology. Sustainable strategies should be applied facing industrialization. Furthermore, changing the industry structure and restoring the degraded farmlands to grasslands or forests would keep sustainability of Tarim River Basin.     

福氏志贺菌gyrA和parC基因QRDR序列的测定与同源性分析

测定了我国痢疾流行病原志贺菌福氏2 a 3 0 1株与喹喏酮类药物耐药性相关的 gyr A( DNA旋转酶 A亚单位 )和 par C(拓扑异构酶IVA亚单位 )基因 ,并将 gyr A和 par C基因QRDR(喹喏酮类药物耐药性决定区 )核苷酸序列与几种动物和人的病原菌进行了同源性和遗传进化比较分析。结果显示 ,志贺菌福氏 2 agyr A和 par C基因 QRDR序列分别与宋内氏志贺菌、大肠杆菌 O1 57、大肠杆菌 K1 2、阴沟肠杆菌、坂口肠道杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、副伤寒沙门氏菌、肺炎克氏杆菌、产道克氏杆菌、空肠弯曲杆菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌具有显著同源性(均大于 88% ) ,表明 gyr A和 par C是这些细菌中的看家基因 ,推测在各种细菌中具有类似的起源 ,因此对在不同细菌之间进行喹喏酮类药物耐药性的研究非常有利。 QRDR的遗传进化分析表明 ,同属或相近属细菌 gyr A或 par CQRDR的遗传距离明显接近 ,其中与大肠杆菌属的距离最近 ,认为可列到同一个属 ,结果有力支持了近年提出的大肠杆菌与志贺菌属于同族细菌的理论。研究对理解喹喏酮类药物耐药性的分子机理及其与细菌遗传进化之间的关系具有重要意义     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

我国生猪生产的波动性研究

本文针对生猪产量数据存在的问题,对肉类市场放开至第一次农业普查期间的生产数据进行了调整,在此基础上运用趋势分解法描述了改革开放后我国生猪生产的波动情况,进而对历史数据所描述的波动特征表示置疑,认为我国生猪生产存在明显的周期性,最后提出当前我国生猪生产急需采取的一些必要措施,以建立生猪供给安全长效机制。     

浙江省中华蜜蜂形态特征研究

选择浙江省12个样点36群中华蜜蜂样本,每群随机抽取15只工蜂,每只工蜂测定27项形态特征指标。利用SPSS16.0对形态特征数据进行因素分析、聚类分析和变异分析。结果表明:浙江省境内的中华蜜蜂存在较大的形态差异及种群分化。因素分析结果提取3个特征值高(>3)的因素,包括了63.798%的变异。利用提取的主因子进行聚类分析,分为4个类群:永康、义乌、金华、杭州和丽水的样本为第1类;长兴、黄岩、慈溪的样本为第2类;江山、嵊州和舟山的样本为第3类;苍南的样本与其他地区样本的遗传距离最远,单独为一类。变异分析结果显示:浙江省12个样点中华蜜蜂除后翅钩数样点间差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其余26项形态指标样点间差异较大。其中,舟山中华蜜蜂的翅长、翅宽、第3、4背板总长、第4、7腹板总长及腿相关4项指标平均值最大,与其余地区中华蜜蜂形态差异性较大;苍南中华蜜蜂的蜡镜长、蜡镜间距离和蜡镜斜长指标均值最大,与其它地区中华蜜蜂形态差异显著(P<0.05)。