Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

食盐助溶剂对解脂假丝酵母神经酰胺含量的影响

用食盐作为助溶剂采用细胞自溶法,对解脂假丝酵母33M candida lipolytica细胞壁进行破碎后提取神经酰胺,用SPE（固相萃取法）将神经酰胺与膜中其它脂类分离,分别应用TLC（薄层色谱）方法和HPLC-ELSD（高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射器）对其进行定性和定量分析,取得了良好效果。     

猪繁殖障碍性主要传染病的血清流行病学研究

对采自云南省楚雄州10县市22个规模猪场及107户农户的803份猪血清、642份临床无异常的种猪抗凝全血、84头繁殖障碍母猪血清及4头乳猪脏器,应用胶乳凝集试验(LAT)、猪伪狂犬病gE抗体鉴别酶联免疫吸咐试验(ELISA)、多方法酶联免疫吸咐试验、虎红平板凝集试验及试管凝集试验、间接血凝试验(HIA)、细菌学检验、流行病学调查等方法,对PR、PPV、PRRS、PCV-2、CSF、JE、布病、衣原体病共8种病同步进行血清学(猪瘟病原学)调查,结果感染率分别为30.39%、21.05%、3.11%、59.40%、1.71%、24.53%、0.25%和10.71%。流行病学调查结果,繁殖障碍发病场占调查场的68.18%,各场母猪繁殖障碍发病率在75.00%-0之间,农户散养母猪在20.00%-0之间。     

汕头市猪场猪瘟和猪禽流感血清学监测报告

为了了解和掌握我市猪场的猪瘟免疫情况及感染高致病性禽流感疫病的可能性，我所分别于2005年2月和4月两次对全市范围内各类型的养猪场免疫猪瘟的猪只采集血清941份，进行猪瘟血清抗体监测和猪高致病性禽流感疫情血清学监测。现将监测结果报告如下。     

Surveillance of Parapoxvirus Among Ruminants in Virginia and Connecticut

In 2008, two deer hunters in Virginia and Connecticut were infected with a unique strain of pseudocowpox virus, a parapoxvirus. To estimate the prevalence of this virus, and in an attempt to define the reservoir, Parapoxvirus surveillance was undertaken between November 2009 and January 2010. 125 samples from four ruminant species (cows, goat, sheep and white‐tailed deer) were collected in Virginia, and nine samples from white‐tailed deer were collected in Connecticut. We found no evidence that the parapoxvirus species that infected the deer hunters is circulating among domesticated ruminants or white‐tailed deer. However, parapoxvirus DNA of a different parapoxvirus species, bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), was detected in 31 samples obtained from asymptomatic cattle in Virginia. Parapoxvirus DNA–positive cattle originated from the same counties indicating probable transmission among animals. Molecular analysis identified BPSV as the parapoxvirus affecting animals. Asymptomatic parapoxvirus infections in livestock, particularly young animals, may be common, and further investigation will inform our knowledge of virus transmission.     

特高多花黑麦草在贵州的适应性研究

通过对特高多花黑麦草在贵州不同生态条件下的试验研究,结果表明:特高多花黑麦草在三个不同地区均能完成正常的生育期,且生长良好、适应性强、产草量高、营养价值丰富,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

根据雏鸡血清酶活性对蛋鸡进行早期选种的研究

本研究测定了147只8、12周龄S220母雏血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性,估测其遗传力及其与产蛋性能间的表型相关和遗传相关。结果表明,8周龄血清AKP活性遗传力为0.62,300日龄产蛋量遗传力为0.20,两者间的遗传相关为0.8245。利用8周龄血清AKP活性作为辅助性状对300日龄产蛋量进行间接选择,其间接选择效率为个体选择的1.4519倍,为家系选择的1.4837倍,为合并选择的1.1887倍。因此,8周龄血清AKP活性可作为蛋鸡早期选种血液生化指标之一。     

QuEChERS法在兽药残留检测中的优化与应用

兽药的不合理使用可导致动物产品及环境中兽药残留超标,从而对公共卫生安全构成威胁。QuEChERS法是一类快速、简便、经济、高效、耐用和安全的样品前处理方法,常用于植物产品农药检测。通过持续优化,目前该方法开始在动物产品兽药残留检测中得到应用。本文综述了QuEChERS法的特点,探讨了该方法在畜禽产品或样品兽药残留检测中的优化与应用。与植物样品相比,动物相关样品基质复杂,脂肪含量较高,因此需要对QuEChERS法进行优化。常用的优化方式包括提取液优化、脱水盐优化和吸附剂优化。目前QuEChERS法在畜禽肌肉、内脏、鸡蛋、牛奶及相关产品以及尿液、粪便等环境样品兽药残留萃取中得到应用。随着与其他提取净化方法的连用以及自动化提取装置的不断更新,未来QuEChERS法会得到持续优化与发展,其提取效率和净化效果将进一步得到提高,并将在动物产品残留检测中发挥重要作用。     

Genetic diversity and relatedness of Fasciola spp. isolates from different hosts and geographic regions revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences

The present study examined sequence variability in a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 (pnad4 and pnad5) among 39 isolates of Fasciola spp., from different hosts from China, Niger, France, the United States of America, and Spain; and their phylogenetic relationships were re-constructed. Intra-species sequence variations were 0.0-1.1% for pcox1, 0.0-2.7% for pnad4, and 0.0-3.3% for pnad5 for Fasciola hepatica; 0.0-1.8% for pcox1, 0.0-2.5% for pnad4, and 0.0-4.2% for pnad5 for Fasciola gigantica, and 0.0-0.9% for pcox1, 0.0-0.2% for pnad4, and 0.0-1.1% for pnad5 for the intermediate Fasciola form. Whereas, nucleotide differences were 2.1-2.7% for pcox1, 3.1-3.3% for pnad4, and 4.2-4.8% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and F. gigantica; were 1.3-1.5% for pcox1, 2.1-2.9% for pnad4, 3.1-3.4% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and the intermediate form; and were 0.9-1.1% for pcox1, 1.4-1.8% for pnad4, 2.2-2.4% for pnad5 between F. gigantica and the intermediate form. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pnad4 and pnad5 revealed distinct groupings of isolates of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, or the intermediate Fasciola form irrespective of their origin, demonstrating the usefulness of the mtDNA sequences for the delineation of Fasciola species, and reinforcing the genetic evidence for the existence of the intermediate Fasciola form.