基于ZigBee的寒地水稻温室大棚智能控制系统设计

针对我国北方寒地水稻育秧大棚的结构特点,设计并开发了一套基于ZigBee的智能控制系统,并构建了该系统的星型网络,用以实现将传感器采集到的数据进行无线传输的功能。系统进行数据采集的模块分别采用AT89S52单片机、数字式空气温湿度传感器DB420、数字式土壤温度传感器DS18B20和数字式土壤水分传感器SM2802M,用这些模块来监测空气中的温湿度、土壤温度以及土壤水分等,将监测到的数据通过JM12864F显示出来。这些采集模块还可以监测到大棚内的空气温湿度、土壤温度、土壤水分含量等实时信息,并对这些信息进行分析处理,将分析处理的结果发送到用户手中,达到远程监控的目的。     

边界滑移对螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封性能的影响

为了研究边界滑移对上游泵送机械密封性能的影响,建立液膜三维几何模型和计算模型,基于 Navier 线性滑移模型对液膜壁面边界条件进行修正,采用商用软件 Fluent 的 SIMPLEC 算法及层流模型求解三维 Navier －Stokes 方程,并分析相对滑移量对液膜静压分布、开启力、摩擦扭矩、泄漏量的影响规律。结果表明：相对于边界滑移发生的位置,滑移速度的大小对密封性能的影响更大;当相对滑移量较小时,存在边界滑移与无滑移的模拟结果无明显区别,能很好地解释宏观无滑移边界假设的应用,当相对滑移量较大时液膜动压效应随滑移的增加而减弱,开启力、摩擦扭矩、泄漏量都随边界滑移的增加而减小;相对于开启力的降低,边界滑移的减阻和降低泄漏的效果更为明显;当开启力较小,应避免边界滑移发生;当开启力足够大时,加工成超疏水表面形成边界滑移,可极大地减少摩擦扭矩,降低能耗。     

传送带式蔬菜移栽机的设计与研究

为解决当前我国蔬菜移栽机存在的结构复杂、配件繁多、操作麻烦且投苗率低及伤苗率高的问题,设计研究了传送带式蔬菜移栽机。该机结构简单、使用方便、工作效率高且对秧苗损伤小,使用时由拖拉机牵引,人工投苗,可实现半自动化移栽。通过更换从动链轮可对株距进行调节,通过调整传送带支架及固定架的数量及其在底盘上的位置可实现移栽行数、行距的改变,从而满足不同地区不同蔬菜的移栽农艺的要求。     

用于冬小麦组分信息检测的便携式LVF光谱仪研究

小麦是我国主要的粮食作物,能够实时准确地对小麦进行长势监测具有重要意义。为此,介绍了一种自主研发的便携式LVF光谱仪的软硬件结构,采集冬小麦冠层叶片光谱数据,利用偏最小二乘法建立了冬小麦组分信息的内嵌反演模型,使其成为可以测量冬小麦叶片组分信息的专用型光谱仪。同时,用校验集对预测模型进行验证,相关系数分别达到0.906和0.876。结果表明:便携式LVF光谱仪在冬小麦叶片组分信息的检测方面是可行性的。     

玉米播种机排种监测的试验研究与设计

在对目前玉米播种机排种监测方法的研究基础上,设计了一套新的玉米播种机排种监测的试验方法:将4对光电传感器并排安装在导种管内壁以监测空或堵的情况并进行报警;同时,利用安装在排种盘的中心轴上的空心转速编码器,测出排种盘转速连同试验所得的空穴率,从而得出玉米排种量。试验结果表明:该方案模拟实际空或堵的报警率达100%,排种量检测平均精度98.37%,各项性能指标均达到了实际要求。     

烟苗移栽机性能综合量化评价研究——基于AHP和田间测试

针对自走式烟苗移栽机选型排序问题,依据国家相关标准和实际选型测试试验,采用AHP理论及1~9标度方法构建了其三级评价指标体系。通过构造评价指标的判断矩阵,计算多个专家相对权重系数,得到了各评价指标的权重值,并对测试试验数据进行了百分制的评分量化处理,最终对13种型号移栽机的综合作业水平量化评价指数(SQEI)进行了计算和选型排序。评价结果表明:SQEI包含了作业效果、作业效率和作业效益的综合量化,为移栽机的选型排序工作确定了一种较为科学合理、客观、简便的评价方法。     

玉米深松全层施肥种行旋耕播种机关键部件的设计

针对目前国内玉米播种机存在播种深度不一致的问题,为了提高玉米播种播深一致性及播种质量,设计了一种旋耕种行玉米播种机。该机可以实现深松、分层施肥、旋耕种行、开沟、播种及覆土镇压等功能,一次性完成的播种作业,适用于大田作业。该机结构简单,使用时调整方便。田间试验表明:整机结构设计合理,可以达到精量播种,符合农民种植要求。     

基于CPLD的漏播检测装置的设计与测试

针对现有漏播检测装置并行性差、响应速度慢等不足,提出一种新型的漏播检测装置。该装置采用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)作为检测控制核心,能够同时提供8路落种检测,适用于大型精密穴播机械。该检测装置采用光电器件作为落种传感器,响应快速准确。6对红外对管采用特殊方式排列在排种管的相对两侧,避免光线干涉,提高检测精度。该装置适用于检测直径3mm以上种子(如麦粒、黄豆、玉米粒等),能够配合上位机GPS精确定位漏播位置,为漏播后的补种修正提供位置和数目信息。手工落种测试时,对小麦、黄豆、玉米种子的检出率可达100%。将该装置在播种试验台上进行实验,统计自动落种数目,精度可达95%以上;对单粒漏播进行报警统计,精度可达80%以上。改进试验台实验条件,以自适应方式运行可以使装置的检测精度进一步提升。     

Characterization of multidrug resistant Salmonella recovered from diseased animals

Three hundred and eighty Salmonella isolates recovered from animal diagnostic samples obtained from four state veterinary diagnostic laboratories (AZ, NC, MO, and TN) between 2002 and 2003 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities and further characterized for bla(CMY) beta-lactamase genes, class 1 integrons and genetic relatedness using PFGE. Forty-seven serovars were identified, the most common being S. Typhimurium (26%), S. Heidelberg (9%), S, Dublin (8%), S. Newport (8%), S. Derby (7%), and S. Choleraesuis (7%). Three hundred and thirteen (82%) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 265 (70%) to three or more antimicrobials. Resistance was most often observed to tetracycline (78%), followed by streptomycin (73%), sulfamethoxazole (68%), and ampicillin (54%), and to a lesser extent chloramphenicol (37%), kanamycin (37%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20%), and ceftiofur (17%). With regards to animal of origin, swine Salmonella isolates displayed the highest rate of resistance, being resistant to at least one antimicrobial (92%), followed by those recovered from turkey (91%), cattle (77%), chicken (68%), and equine (20%). Serovars commonly showing multidrug resistance (MDR) to > or =9 antimicrobials were S. Uganda (100%), S. Agona (79%), and S. Newport (62%), compared to S. Heidelberg (11%) and S. Typhimurium (7%). Class-1 integrons were detected in 43% of all isolates, and were found to contain aadA, aadB, dhfr, cmlA and sat1 gene cassettes alone or in various combinations. All ceftiofur resistant isolates (n=66) carried the bla(CMY) beta-lactamase gene. A total of 230 PFGE patterns were generated among the 380 isolates tested using XbaI, indicating extensive genetic diversity across recovered Salmonella serovars, however, several MDR clones were repeatedly recovered from different diseased animals.     

Prevalence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains recently isolated from young pigs with diarrhea in the US

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-associated post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is economically one of the most important diseases for the swine industry. Porcine ETEC strains typically express K88 or F18 fimbria and heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (STa, STb) enterotoxins. However, recent studies indicate that EAST1 toxin, adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I) and porcine attaching and effacing-associated factor (paa) may also be expressed by ETEC strains associated with diarrhea. To better understand the virulence factors of E. coli strains that cause PWD, we applied PCR to screen for K88, F18, F41, 987P and K99 fimbrial genes; LT, STa, STb, Stx2e and EAST1 toxic genes; and AIDA-I, paa and EAE adhesin genes in E. coli strains recently isolated from young pigs with PWD in the US. Of 304 E. coli isolates from diarrheic pigs submitted for testing, 175 (57.6%) strains possessed fimbrial genes: K88 (64.6%), F18 (34.3%), F41 (0.57%), K99 (0.57%), 987P (0); toxin genes: LT (57.7%), STb (72.6%), STa (27.4%), STx2e (17.4%), EAST1 (35%); and adhesin genes: AIDA-I (26.9%), paa (60%), EAE (1.1%). All toxin genes except the EAST1 toxin gene, were almost exclusively associated with K88+ or F18+ isolates, and most of these isolates carried multiple toxin genes. The non-fimbrial adhesin paa was found present in over half of the K88+ isolates. A total of 129 (42%) isolates carried no fimbrial genes, including 66 (21.7%) isolates that did not have any of the above virulence genes. These results suggest a broad array of virulence genes associated with PWD in pigs.