Genetic diversity and relatedness of Fasciola spp. isolates from different hosts and geographic regions revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences

The present study examined sequence variability in a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 (pnad4 and pnad5) among 39 isolates of Fasciola spp., from different hosts from China, Niger, France, the United States of America, and Spain; and their phylogenetic relationships were re-constructed. Intra-species sequence variations were 0.0-1.1% for pcox1, 0.0-2.7% for pnad4, and 0.0-3.3% for pnad5 for Fasciola hepatica; 0.0-1.8% for pcox1, 0.0-2.5% for pnad4, and 0.0-4.2% for pnad5 for Fasciola gigantica, and 0.0-0.9% for pcox1, 0.0-0.2% for pnad4, and 0.0-1.1% for pnad5 for the intermediate Fasciola form. Whereas, nucleotide differences were 2.1-2.7% for pcox1, 3.1-3.3% for pnad4, and 4.2-4.8% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and F. gigantica; were 1.3-1.5% for pcox1, 2.1-2.9% for pnad4, 3.1-3.4% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and the intermediate form; and were 0.9-1.1% for pcox1, 1.4-1.8% for pnad4, 2.2-2.4% for pnad5 between F. gigantica and the intermediate form. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pnad4 and pnad5 revealed distinct groupings of isolates of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, or the intermediate Fasciola form irrespective of their origin, demonstrating the usefulness of the mtDNA sequences for the delineation of Fasciola species, and reinforcing the genetic evidence for the existence of the intermediate Fasciola form.     

小RNA病毒基因组3'非编码区.结构与功能研究进展

小RNA病毒属于单股正链RNA病毒,包括肠道病毒属、鼻病毒属、心脏病毒属、口疮病毒属和肝病毒属等几个主要的属.口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、脊髓灰质炎病毒(PV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)是该科病毒的典型代表.小RNA基因组的末端具有非编码区(UTR),是病毒基因组复制的主要调控位点,3'非编码(3'...     

西杂牛连续埋植“畜大壮”效果观察

本试验对甘肃河西地区西杂１－２岁和周岁以下的犊牛连续用促生长剂“畜大壮”分阶段进行耳根埋植,试验结果表明,４－６月龄犊牛全期１８０天,试验组增重和平均日增重分别为５．５ｋｇ和３０８．３３ｇ,试验组比对照组提高３７．２５ｋｇ和２０６．９４ｇ（Ｐ〈０．０１）,１－２岁牛全期１８０天,试验组平均增重和日增重分别为５６．４３ｋｇ和３１４．４９ｇ,试验缄比对照组分别提高３０．０３ｋｇ和１６６．８２ｇ差异显著     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜血清群分子流行病学调查

近年来,羊多杀性巴氏杆菌病在内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市时有发生。为了解呼伦贝尔市羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜血清型流行状况,通过建立多杀性巴氏杆菌分子生物学诊断方法,以羊病变组织为研究对象,对呼伦贝尔市羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌,进行荚膜血清群分子流行病学调查,同时应用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法,对分离菌株进行药物敏感性试验,以找到针对本地区流行株的敏感药物。结果显示:从采集的35份病羊肺组织病料中,分离出12株B群、9株D群多杀性巴氏杆菌,未分离出其他血清群;分离菌株对青霉素、链霉素耐药率最高,对氯霉素、四环素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星敏感。结果表明,呼伦贝尔市流行的羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌以B群、D群为主,且分离菌株对青霉素、链霉素产生了较高的耐药性,需指导和监管抗菌药物的合理使用。本研究查清了本地区流行的优势多杀性巴氏杆菌血清群,找到了针对性敏感药物,这为该市羊巴氏杆菌病防控提供了有效的技术支撑,也对多杀性巴氏杆菌病流行病学监测和基因多样性研究奠定了基础。     

畜禽注水肉的卫生检验与卫生处理

注水肉系指不法经营者无视国家的屠宰法规和食品卫生法规 ,对畜 (牛、猪、兔等 )、禽 (鸡、鸭 )等在宰前或宰后人为地采用某种手段器械(注射器、皮管、压力泵 )通过畜禽口腔、食道、肛门直肠、动脉血管、皮下等部位注射入一定量的水分 ,以此增加畜禽重量 ,使胴体、肌肉、内脏的含水量剧增 ,达到饱和状态。近几年来 ,畜禽注水肉多见于牛肉、猪肉、鸡鸭肉 ,尤其在农贸集市非常普遍 ,已引起广大消费者和有关部门的关注。１畜禽注水的途径与方法１．１宰前活体注水灌食强行固定猪体灌水姿势 ,用皮管塞入口腔或肛门注入水 ,注水量可占体重的２０%…     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

Dietary supplementation with sodium bicarbonate improves calcium absorption and eggshell quality of laying hens during peak production

1. The advantage of supplemental sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) on eggshell quality in laying hens changes with age. Besides increasing calcium (Ca) secretion in the eggshell gland, it may improve Ca absorption in the intestine or kidney.

2. Hy-Line Brown layers (n = 384), 25 weeks of age, were allocated to two treatment groups in two experiments, each of which included 4 replicates of 24 hens. Hens were fed a basal diet (control) or the basal diet containing 3 g NaHCO₃ g/kg for 50 or 20 weeks in Experiment 1 or 2, respectively. A 24-h continuous lighting regimen was used to allow hens to consume the dietary supplements during the period of active eggshell formation.

3. In Experiment 1, particularly from 25 to 50 weeks of age, and in Experiment 2, NaHCO₃ supplementation favoured hen-d egg production at the expense of lower egg weight. The increased eggshell thickness should have nothing to do with the additional eggshell formation, because of the unchanged egg mass and daily eggshell calcification.

4. At 35 weeks of age in both experiments, NaHCO₃ supplementation increased duodenal expression of calbindin-d28k (CaBP-D28k) protein, contributing to higher Ca retention and balance.

5. From 50 to 75 weeks of age in Experiment 1, the hens had little response to NaHCO₃ supplementation and showed a negative trend on eggshell thickness and strength.

6. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with 3 g NaHCO₃ g/kg improves Ca absorption and eggshell quality of laying hens during the peak but not late production period, with the introduction of continuous lighting.

     

中国西北地区披碱草属植物所带内生真菌的培养特征

内生真菌与植物所形成的共生体普遍存在于冷季禾草中,共生体有利于提高宿主植物的生物和非生物抗性。虽然目前研究者们已对禾草内生真菌做了大量的研究,但是尚未发现对分布于中国西北地区披碱草属植物无性世代Neotyphodium内生真菌培养特征的研究。本研究从中国西北地区分离出15株来自不同地理种群披碱草属植物无性世代Neotyphodium内生真菌。通过分离培养,测定了这15株无性世代Neotyphodium内生真菌的菌落生长速度,结果显示,这15株无性世代Neotyphodium内生真菌菌落的平均生长速度为(0.41~0.85) mm/d,且生长速度与海拔具有相关性。分布在海拔低于3000 m的无性世代Neotyphodium内生真菌的菌落生长速度比生长于海拔高于3000 m菌落的生长速度快。观察菌落发现,分布在海拔高于3000 m的菌落正面特征较为一致,而分布在海拔低于3000 m的菌落正面特征出现不同。另外,通过多基因联合建树发现,分布在海拔高于3000 m的无性世代Neotyphodium内生真菌聚在一个分支,而分布在海拔低于3000 m的无性世代Neotyphodium内生真菌呈现星状分布。由于目前尚未对中国西北地区披碱草属植物无性世代Neotyphodium内生真菌命名。因此,希望本研究结果能为该菌的命名提供理论依据。     

Cloning of Buffalo AQP9 Gene and Analysing its Expression in the Buffalo Tissues

Cloning buffalo AQP9 gene and analyzing its expression in buffalo tissues.A pair of primers was designed according to the released bovine AQP9 sequences in GenBank,which was used to clone buffalo AQP9 gene.The AQP9 gene was amplified by RT-PCR,whose nucleotide sequence and protein structure were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.The expression of AQP9 in buffalo tissues was assayed by Real-time quantitative PCR.The expression of AQP9 gene in buffalo ovary and testis tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining method.The results showed that the cloned ORF length of buffalo AQP9 gene was 888 bp,which coded 295 amino acids.The results of multiple sequence comparison showed that the nucleotide sequence of buffalo AQP9 shared 99%,90%,97% and 88% homologeous compared with that of Bos taurus,Sus scrofa,Ovis ariessis and Homo sapiens,respectively,while shared 99%,86%,97%,83% homologeous for amino acids,respectively.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that AQP9 gene was highly conservative in the evolutionary process.Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that AQP9 gene expressed in buffalo liver,lung,brain,skin,testis and ovary tissues with different levels,had the most abundant expression in liver,followed by in skin and testis,less observed in lung and ovary.The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of AQP9 protein varied with the development of buffalo ovarian tissue,and gradually enhanced with follicle development.In testicular tissue,AQP9 protein expressed in spermatocyte and leydig cells of developmental stage testis.These results indicated that we had successfully cloned buffalo AQP9 gene sequences.The expression and its function of AQP9 in buffalo ovaries and testes might play an important role in follicle development and spermatogenesis.