栅条式清杂装置机理分析与优化试验

残膜清杂是残膜回收的重要环节,现有机型的清杂装置存在清杂效果差及工作不可靠的缺点。为此,结合夹指链式残膜回收装置的改进设计与试验,提出了一种基于倾斜栅条的清杂装置。通过对该装置清杂机理进行分析,采用Box-Behnken响应面试验设计方法建立起清杂率与栅条间距b、栅条角度α、栅条长度L间的二次回归模型。通过分析模型响应曲面,寻得最优方案,确立了栅条式清杂装置的结构与尺寸。田间试验表明:当栅条间距为75mm、栅条角度为51°、栅条长度为870mm时,清杂率达85.35%。由此证明了优化方案的可行性,可为相关残膜清杂装置的研究提供理论依据。     

多尺度行政区平衡视角下耕地空间布局优化

优化耕地空间布局对提升耕地生产能力、促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究以广东封开县为例,基于“现状耕地调出-可恢复地类调入”的微观调整逻辑,综合运用空间叠加、综合评价及蚁群优化算法,构建了耕地空间布局调整模型,以调入调出数量平衡为约束条件实现了不同行政区尺度下的耕地布局优化。结果表明：1）研究区共调出耕地1 689.89 hm²,占耕地总面积的7.62%,整体上呈现出“全局零散、局部聚集”的分布特征。2）研究区可恢复地类农业生产适宜性均值为67.04,具有开展作物种植的良好禀赋条件。3）不同行政区尺度平衡情景下,调入结果在研究区北部空间差异显著,与镇内平衡情景相比,县内平衡情景下,调入耕地的农业生产适宜性均值提高了2.08,综合生态系统服务均值下降了0.67。4）两种情景下,耕地的连片性、质量及稳定性均得到提升,因不受调入规模和行政单元空间范围限制,县内平衡情景下的提升效果更加明显,适当扩大可恢复地类筛选范围有利于提升整体耕地质量并降低重要生态用地筛选概率。该研究构建的耕地空间布局调整模型具有良好的适用性,可为制定农用地布局优化与整治提升方案提供参考依据。     

毛细管电泳荧光检测中的异常电泳类型及原因分析

采用毛细管电泳荧光检测技术进行玉米SSR标记的片段分析.利用峰型、峰面积和其它荧光干扰峰等方面的特征对特异峰和非特异峰进行甄别.分析了特异峰的具体表现类型及原因:包括N 1峰、稀有峰、连续多峰、三峰和高低峰等.探讨了片段扩增产物大小与异常峰型的关系.为保证玉米品种DNA指纹库构建的标准化,提出了数据统计规范化的解决方案.     

陕西省部分小麦栽培品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成及其与品质关系

本研究以36个陕西省主要栽培品种为材料,利用SDS-PAGE方法分析了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成,并对其SDS沉淀值进行了测定,分析了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与代表面包烘烤品质的SDS沉淀值间的关系.结果表明:Glu-1位点存在着广泛的等位基因变异,在所分析的36个品种中,Glu-A1位点亚基1出现频率最高,为63.9%;Glu-B1位点等位基因变异最丰富,其中亚基7 8和7 9出现频率最高,其次为亚基14 15;Glu-D1位点亚基组成以2 12为主;对各位点品质评分与SDS沉淀值的简单相关分析结果表明各位点品质评分与SDS沉淀值均存在着显著或极显著相关关系,各位点影响大小依次为Glu-D1＞Glu-A1＞Glu-B1;Glu-1品质评分与SDS沉淀值极显著正相关.     

Effect of Chilling Stress on Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes,Osmotic Adjustment Substances and Membrane Lipid Peroxide Levels in Two White Clover Cultivars

Although white clover has been widely studied and applied, less is known about its physiological responses to chilling stress in northern China. The effects of acclimation time of chilling stress in the two white clover cultivars, Rivendel and Haifa, after exposure to 4℃ for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h were investigated. Seven physiological indexes were measured in shoots of the two cultivars. It was found that Rivendel had a strong ability to maintain the stability of cells, cope with oxidative damage and accumulate osmotic adjustment substances compared with Haifa. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation on the chilling tolerance of the two cultivars based on subordinate function value analysis showed a stronger chilling tolerance of Rivendel than Haifa.     

植被和梯田措施对坡沟系统细沟侵蚀调控作用

坡沟系统作为黄土丘陵沟壑区基本的地貌单元,也是黄土高原侵蚀泥沙的主要来源区。植被和梯田作为坡面水土流失治理的主要措施,对于土壤侵蚀控制和生态恢复发挥着重要的作用,定量评估林草、梯田对坡面细沟侵蚀的调控作用以及多措施协同配置问题对于黄土高原水土流失治理和生态保护具有重要意义。为了揭示植被和梯田的格局和配置对坡沟系统细沟侵蚀的协同调控作用,该研究采用人工模拟降雨,结合三维激光扫描技术,分析了坡面4种措施：上坡位植被（措施A）、下坡位植被（措施B）、梯田（措施C）、梯田+植被（措施D）对细沟侵蚀发生和演变过程的影响。结果表明：1）相同植被覆盖度下,下坡位的植被布设细沟最大长度较上坡位的植被布设细沟最大长度减小量更大;2）第1次降雨中,侵蚀率最大值达到3 500 g/min以上,第2次降雨过程中侵蚀率最大值仅为1 100 g/min以上,在各产流时间内第2次降雨侵蚀率均为第1次降雨侵蚀率的1/3～1/2;3）对于各措施下细沟沟长发育率由大到小表现为措施A(6.55 cm/min)、措施C(5.71 cm/min)、措施B(3.60 cm/min)、措施D(2.69 cm/min);4）梯田与植...     

盐碱地高盐废水电解脱氯同步制氢特性

就近利用风光能电解盐碱地治理过程中产生的高盐废水,是同步实现风光消纳、废水处理和H₂/Cl₂生产的有效途径。然而,盐碱地治理废水盐浓度较低且盐离子种类众多,直接电解严重影响脱氯制氢效率。该研究通过开展盐碱地治理废水的电解试验,讨论了盐浓度及不同除杂工艺对废水脱氯制氢特性的影响规律。结果表明,不同盐浓度废水电解的H₂/Cl₂产率与电流密度呈线性关系,且产H₂速率稍大于产Cl₂速率。电流密度和pH值均随盐浓度升高先增大后减小,废水中盐浓度为3.5 mol/L时,电解后最终电流密度和阴极的pH值均最大,电解效果最优。添加Ca(OH)₂对废水进行电解前除杂,可将浓缩废水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和SO₄^2-浓度分别降低至0.02、0.1和0.2 mol/L。电解过程中通入CO₂能够进一步降低杂质离子对废水电解的不利影响,使电解脱氯制氢性能相...     

大学生心理健康的现状与教育对策探讨

大学生心理健康状况的调查研究表明,大学生的心理素质存在诸多问题,加强大学生心理健康教育势在必行.重视心理健康教育不仅是社会主义市场经济提出的客观要求,也是培养全面发展的社会主义事业建设者和接班人的必然要求,加强高等学校的心理健康教育具有非常重要的意义.文中分析了目前大学生心理健康现状,提出了加强大学生心理健康教育的有效对策.     

In Vitro and In Vivo Dendritic Cell Immune Stimulation Effect of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida

Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) has been reported to have immunomodulation effects through the increase of the activation and function of macrophages. In this study, the regulating effect of LMWF from Undaria pinnatifida grown in New Zealand on dendritic cells (DCs) was investigated. We discovered that LMWF could stimulate DCs’ maturation and migration, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells’ proliferation in vitro. We proved that this immune promoting activity is activated through TLR4 and its downstream MAPK and NF–κB signaling pathways. Further in vivo (mouse model) investigation showed that LMWF has a strong immunological boosting effect, such as facilitating the proliferation of immune cells and increasing the index of immune organs. These findings suggest that LMWF has a positive immunomodulatory effect and is a promising candidate to supplement cancer immunotherapy.     

A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification,Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation

Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have many biological activities and significant applications in prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and plant growth development. Alginate lyases have unique advantages in the preparation of AOS. However, only a limited number of alginate lyases have been so far reported to have potentials in the preparation of AOS with specific degrees of polymerization. Here, an alginate-degrading strain Pseudoalteromonas arctica M9 was isolated from Sargassum, and five alginate lyases were predicted in its genome. These putative alginate lyases were expressed and their degradation products towards sodium alginate were analyzed. Among them, AlyM2 mainly generated trisaccharides, which accounted for 79.9% in the products. AlyM2 is a PL6 lyase with low sequence identity (≤28.3%) to the characterized alginate lyases and may adopt a distinct catalytic mechanism from the other PL6 alginate lyases based on sequence alignment. AlyM2 is a bifunctional endotype lyase, exhibiting the highest activity at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 0.5 M NaCl. AlyM2 predominantly produces trisaccharides from homopolymeric M block (PM), homopolymeric G block (PG), or sodium alginate, with a trisaccharide production of 588.4 mg/g from sodium alginate, indicating its promising potential in preparing trisaccharides from these polysaccharides.