大豆对SMV株系SC-11的抗性遗传及抗病基因的等位性研究

利用对我国北方大豆产区流行株系SC-11表现抗病的材料科丰1号、邳县茶豆、大白麻、齐黄22、诱变30、PI96983、Kwanggyo和感病材料南农1138-2、南农18-6配制的抗感和抗抗杂交组合,研究了对SC-11的抗性遗传以及不同材料的抗病基因间的等位性关系.结果表明,科丰1号、邳县茶豆、大白麻、PI96983、Kwanggyo、齐黄22、诱变30与感病品种杂交的F1表现抗病,F2呈3抗:1感分离比例,F2:3家系呈1抗:2分离:1感病的分离比率,证明它们对SC-11的抗性由单显性基因控制.PI96983×Kwanggyo和齐黄22×诱变30杂交后的F2群体未发现抗感分离,表明PI96983与Kwanggyo以及齐黄22与诱变30对SC-11的抗性基因是等位或紧密连锁的.大白麻与科丰1号、邳县茶豆、诱变30,科丰1号与Kwanggyo,PI96983与邳县茶豆杂交的F2呈15抗:1感的比例分离,初步表明大白麻与科丰1号、邳县茶豆、诱变30,科丰1号与Kwanggyo,PI96983与邳县茶豆所携带的抗SC-11的基因是不等位的,而且2个抗性基因独立遗传.     

A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a ¹³C-enriched isotopic marker, ¹³CO₂, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The ¹³C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in ¹³C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in ¹³C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the ¹³C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.     

宿主植物对AM真菌生长发育的影响

研究了宿主植物对丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌(Glomus mosseae)生长发育的影响。结果表明:温室条件下,4种宿主植物都能与丛枝菌根真菌共生,综合比较菌根长度、根外菌丝量及孢子数3项指标,高粱敖杂1号对真菌的生长发育最为有利。宿主植物菌根长度及根中的可溶性糖质量分数与根外孢子数呈显著正相关,而宿主植物中磷质量分数与菌根真菌的生长发育没有显著的相关性。说明不同宿主植物甚至同种宿主植物不同基因型的品种与丛枝菌根真菌的共生状况不同,宿主植物的菌根长度及根中可溶性糖质量分数对菌根真菌的生长发育有显著影响。     

星鳗工厂化节水养殖试验

星鳗(Astroconger myriaster)俗称绵鳝,绵连鱼;是分布于我国黄、渤海、东海的广温、广盐性经济鱼类.一般成鱼体长40～60cm,体重150～500g,体表光滑,腹面白色、背面灰褐色,体侧、头部具有白点.     

京郊设施菜地施肥和土壤肥力现状初探

为掌握京郊设施菜地施肥和土壤肥力状况,通过问卷、入户调查、田间访谈和实地取样的方式,深入生产一线开展调研。调研发现:京郊设施番茄平均公顷产量为82539 kg,有机肥养分投入量平均折合纯     

土壤养分异质性对入侵植物节节麦与小麦竞争关系的影响

【目的】土壤养分异质性在自然界中广泛存在,会对植物间的竞争关系造成影响。分析土壤养分异质性对入侵植物竞争能力的影响,可为其入侵危害研究提供参考。【方法】以入侵杂草节节麦Aegilops tauschii及其主要危害作物小麦Triticum aestivum为试材,设置同质性及异质性养分条件,结合de Wit取代实验方法,依据株高、叶面积及生物量等指标,探讨了土壤养分异质性对节节麦生长发育及其与小麦竞争关系的影响。【结果】(1)土壤养分异质性促进了小麦和节节麦幼苗株高、叶面积及单株分蘖数的增加,2种植物总生物量增加显著(P<0.05)。(2)种间竞争条件下,异质性土壤中节节麦的根冠比降幅最大,表明节节麦通过将更多的生物量分配至地上以加大对小麦的竞争抑制作用。(3)从竞争平衡指数可知：异质性土壤中节节麦的竞争平衡指数大于0,并较同质性土壤中略有增加,表明土壤养分异质性一定程度上促进了节节麦对小麦的竞争作用。【结论】土壤养分异质性促进了节节麦幼苗的生长发育,并提高了其对小麦的竞争抑制作用。因此认为,土壤养分异质性会进一步加剧节节麦对小麦的危害程度。图5表1参46     

不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标的影响

选用3头三月龄左右装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给三种日粮.日粮组成按精粗比分别表示为7030;6040;5050,研究不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标包括pH值、氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、纤毛虫数量及微生物蛋白的影响.试验结果表明精粗比为7030日粮条件下奶公犊瘤胃内pH值显著低于其它组(P＜0.01),7030日粮组瘤胃内NH3-N浓度显著高于精粗比为6040和5050日粮(P＜0.01).不同日粮组成下精粗比为6040和5050日粮的瘤胃纤毛虫数量和微生物蛋白显著高于高精料组7030日粮(P＜0.01).     

A new Curvularia lunata variety discovered in Huanghuaihai Region in China

The purpose of this study was to identify the dominant pathogens of Curvularia leaf spot and their pathogenicity variation in Huanghuaihai Region of China in recent years. In 2013 and 2016–2017, the occurrences of Curvularia leaf spots on maize were investigated in fields located in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, and 292 fungi were isolated from diseased leaves. These fungal isolates were subjected to morphological identification, and 232 isolates were found to have about 70% uncurved conidia and were identified as Curvularia lunata var. Most of the conidia of 2 representative isolates, namely, HNWB-131 and HNWB-185, were oblong with parallel septations and were distinctly different from a reference isolate CX-3. For further determination, the internal transcribed spacer(ITS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH), the large subunit(LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha(EF1-α) sequences of HNWB-131, HNWB-185, and CX-3 were amplified and sequenced. The results of sequence analysis showed that the 4 gene sequences from the 3 isolates had a similarity of more than 99% to C. lunata. Based on the sequences of ITS and the combined data of the 4 genes, neighbor-joining trees were constructed for phylogenetic analysis. The results indicated that these 3 isolates were clustered together with C. lunata. The expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes in mycelia and conidia was significantly(P0.05) higher in CX-3 than in HNWB-131 and HNWB-185. This study found that the dominant pathogen of Curvularia leaf spot was a new variety of C. lunata with morphological variations in Huanghuaihai Region from 2013 to 2017. The pathogenicity of the C. lunata var. was not significantly enhanced, and the expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes of C. lunata var. was decreased.     

高产优质抗病棉花新品种——K418

本文介绍了K418的选育过程、特征特性、产量表现、纤维品质、抗病性、适宜区域及栽培要点等。