浅淡松嫩草地的类型及其利用

本文介绍了松嫩草地的自然概况,对该区的干草原、草甸草原、草甸、沼泽等草地类型的面积、产量、质量、植物组成、着生土壤等进行了比较详细的论述。在分析了该区草地利用现状和存在问题的基础上,提出了加强松嫩草地的管理保护,加快草地建设步伐,建立一定数量的人工草地和广辟饲料来源,减轻对草地压力等方面的建议。     

蚓激酶成熟肽的原核表达及纯化

应用PCR技术扩增获得蚓激酶成熟肽基因，并按相应的阅读框架克隆入表达载体pGEX-4T中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的下游。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌Rosetta株，分别在1．0mmol／LIPTG、37℃和0．1mmol／L IPTG、28℃条件下诱导，蚓激酶成熟肽-GST融合蛋白获得了高效表达，且后者得到了可溶性蛋白。经SDS-PAGE证实所表达的融合蛋白产物相对分子量与预期的53kD相符。并且以等电点和亲和层析的方法对表达出的可溶性蛋白进行了纯化。     

尿素缓释技术的研究进展

早在1900年左右就有人在反刍动物营养中利用尿素作为蛋白质补充料。尿素分解产生氨和二氧化碳,微生物利用氨作为氮源营养,将其和一定量的碳水化合物合成菌体蛋白,最后被消化分解为氨基酸而被机体吸收利用。但如果微生物分解尿素产生氨的速度超过微生物的利用速度时,不仅影响瘤胃微生物的生长繁殖,而且动物会出现氨中毒。尿素直接应用,其特殊的异味以及释放氨的速度太快,利用率低、危险性大。由于这方面的原因,尿素等非蛋白氮（NPN）在畜牧业上的推广应用受到很大的限制。因此,使用尿素时应有适量的、易分解的碳水化合物。为提高尿素产品的利用率和安全性,最理想的方法是在尿素被采食进入瘤胃后,控制和减缓氨的释放速度,使瘤胃内维持最适的氨浓度．从而防止氨中毒和提高尿素利用率闭。这也就是我们所说的尿素缓释技术。目前．尿素缓释技术主要有以下几种。     

伊维速克对普氏野马寄生虫的驱虫效果

使用伊维速克（伊维菌素制剂）对普氏野马进行驱虫，驱虫效果很好，与以前用的各种伊维菌素相比效果相近，但必需重复用药才能有明显效果。     

动物产品中兽药残留的原因及控制对策

动物性食品安全问题已经引起世界范围的广泛关注。其中兽药残留是影响动物性食品安全的重要因素。它不仅影响人类食肉安全而且影响动物性食品的对外贸易，现结合一些事实分析兽药残留成因及控制对策，以供参考。     

Molecular cloning, in vitro expression and bioactivity of goose B-cell activating factor

B-cell activating factor (BAFF), belonging to the TNF family, is critical for B cell survival and maturation. cDNA of goose BAFF (gBAFF) was amplified from goose spleen by RT-PCR. The open reading frame (ORF) of gBAFF encodes a protein of 288-amino acid. The gBAFF shows 98, 92, 44 and 55% amino acid sequence identity with duck (dBAFF), chicken (cBAFF), mouse (mBAFF) and human BAFF (hBAFF), respectively. RT-PCR results showed that gBAFF mRNA is expressed in thymus and more highly expressed in the bursa of Fabricius and spleen. Recombinant soluble gBAFF (gsBAFF) expressed in Escherichia coli has molecular weight of approximately 19kDa. In vitro, purified gsBAFF was able to promote bursa B cells survival/proliferation in goose, duck and chicken. Furthermore, recombinant dsBAFF and csBAFF have a positive effect on goose, duck and chicken bursa B cells survival/proliferation. These findings indicate that gBAFF plays an important role in the survival/proliferation of goose B cells and, owing to its high evolutionary conservation, functional cross-reactivity exists between chicken, duck and goose BAFF.     

猪毛滴虫病病原及诊治的研究进展

猪毛滴虫病的历史较短,关于该病的研究和病例报道也较少。近年来,随着该病导致保育猪腹泻病例日益增多,猪毛滴虫病对养猪业的危害日益显现。本文就该病的病原、危害性、致病机理、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断以及防治作一综述,旨在为猪毛滴虫病的研究和防控提供参考。     

禽白血病及其诊治技术研究进展

为了解我国禽白血病的研究现状,本文概述了禽白血病及禽白血病病毒基本特征,对比分析了国内外建立的多种禽白血病病毒检测方法,包括病原学方法、血清学方法和分子生物学方法,提出了加强监督和疫病净化、预防疫苗污染等防控建议,以期为禽白血病防控提供参考。     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

Rapid identification and differentiation of Theileria sergenti and Theileria sinensis using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay

The present study developed and validated a species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection and discrimination of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis. The LAMP assay is inexpensive and easy to perform and involves a rapid reaction-the amplification can be performed in 55 min or 50 min under isothermal conditions of 61 °C or 63 °C, respectively, by employing a set of four species-specific primer mixtures. The results can be checked using agarose gels. The optimal assay conditions, under which the assay exhibited with no cross-reaction with other closely related tick-borne parasites (T. annulata, Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. major, B. ovata, B. U. sp., Anaplasma marginale) or between the two Theileria species of interest, was established. The assay is approximately 10-fold more sensitive than the conventional specific PCR assay. The LAMP assay was validated using DNA from 6 standard stocks in the laboratory and was evaluated for its diagnostic utility using blood samples collected from experimentally and naturally infection cattle or yaks in China. These findings indicate that this Theileria species-specific LAMP assay may have potential clinical applications for the detection and differentiation of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis, especially in endemic countries.