三个典型植烟生态区土壤养分适宜性评价

通过明确不同烤烟种植区土壤肥力状况及植烟适宜性,为不同生态区烟草科学施肥方案的制定奠定基础。采用描述统计法、相关系数法和模糊综合评价法对四川会东、河南洛阳和安徽皖南3个植烟生态区的418份土壤样品进行分析。结果表明,会东烟区土壤pH为5.36～8.66,77.88%的土壤pH大于7.50,有机质含量较低,67%的土壤碱解氮含量低于90mg/kg,全氮含量适中,速效磷和速效钾含量丰富;洛阳烟区土壤pH呈弱碱性,有机质和碱解氮含量匮乏,70%以上的土壤有机质和碱解氮处于“缺”及以下水平,全氮和速效磷含量适中,速效磷含量变异系数达79.38%,速效钾含量丰富;皖南烟区土壤pH、有机质和全氮含量适中,碱解氮含量较高,速效钾含量缺乏,82.82%的土壤速效钾含量低于150mg/kg,速效磷含量丰富但异质性强。3个生态区植烟土壤综合肥力指数（IFI）存在显著差异（P<0.05）,表现为皖南（0.69）>会东（0.52）>洛阳（0.43）,其中皖南烟区75.76%的土壤IFI处于Ⅱ级以上,会东烟区处于Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级的比例分别为31.73%和46.15%,而洛阳烟区近50%的土壤为Ⅳ级。...     

刺槐萌生林的初步研究

对刺槐萌生林的生长和生物产量的研究结果表明:2年生的更新苗。以株高,地径和株数对比,萌芽苗优于根蘖苗。从树干解析表明,萌生林树高的连年生长量在第4年达到最大值(2.0m);而胸径和材积的连年生长量第8年时最大,分别为1.15cm和0.00775m~3/株。9年生萌生林乔木层地上部分生物量为54.826t/ha,年平均净生产量为10.229t/ha.a。与实生林相比,在相同的生长条件下,萌生林具有较高的木材量和生产力。     

Comparative Studies on the Characteristic Fatty Acid Profiles of Four Different Chinese Medicinal Sargassum Seaweeds by GC-MS and Chemometrics

Sargassum seaweeds produce abundant biomass in China and have long been used as herbal medicine and food. Their characteristic fatty acid (FA) profiles and related potential function in promoting cardiovascular health (CVH) have not been systematically investigated. In this study, FA profiles of four medicinal Sargassum were characterized using GC-MS. Principal component analysis was used to discriminate the four medicinal Sargassum, and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis was carried out between the two official species HAI ZAO and between the two folk medicine species HAI QIAN. In all of the algae investigated, the major SFA and MUFA were palmitic and stearic acid, respectively, while the major PUFAs were linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acid. S. fusiforme and S. horneri had higher concentrations of PUFAs. With respect to CVH, all of the studied species, particularly S. fusiforme, exhibited satisfactory levels such as PUFA/SFA ratio and n-6/n-3 ratio. Each species possesses a unique FA profile and is discriminated clearly. Potential key FA markers (between the two Chinese official species, and between the two folk species) are assessed. The study provides characteristic fatty acid profiles of four Chinese medicinal Sargassum and their related potential function in promoting CVH.     

天津市农业科学院农业科技创新现状与发展

文章阐述了"十一五"规划前4年天津市农业科学院科技创新取得的成果、平台、条件和人才方面的综合成就,以及创新过程中尚存在的问题,并根据当前社会发展和形势要求,在统一思想、完善体系、强化创新、提升平台、稳定政策等方面针对性地提出了今后科研发展的几点建议。     

壳聚糖配以6-BA及PP333包衣种子对春性小麦冬前生长发育的影响

通过田间试验检测了壳聚糖（CHT）溶液及配入外源植物激素包衣种子对春性小麦冬前生长发育的影响。结果表明：用2％的CHT溶液包衣，能显著促进种子萌发及麦苗生长，配入50或100mg/L的6－BA，能明显增加单株分蘖及生物量。试验结果还表明：在2％的CHT溶液中，当PP333浓度为800mg/L时，配入50或100mg/L的6-BA对茎蘖生长发育没有增效作用，但最终均能使春性小麦形成苗壮、蘖多、抗寒性好的冬前群体；然而当PP333浓度为1200mg／L时，配入50或100mg／L的6－BA有明显的增效作用，并最终也形成苗壮、蘖多、抗寒性好的冬前群体。     

甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系ZWAB临保三交种与单交种的比较

利用甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系ZWAB及临保系和恢复系分别配制了临保三交种、单交种进行组合的杂种优势比较,结果表明:临保三交种在抗性方面优于单交种,在经济性状及产量上与单交种相当。临保三交种完全可以替代单交种,从而节省了两系制种过程中初花期拔除50%可育株的环节,降低了劳动强度和成本,提高了制种产量和种子纯度。     

青贮玉米秸秆中性洗涤纤维与蔗糖合成酶活性之间的关系

摘要：以十个秸秆中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量差异明显的青贮玉米杂交组合为材料,研究了生育时期青贮玉米蔗糖合成酶活性与秸秆NDF含量之间的关系。为改善青贮玉米NDF含量,育成低纤维高品质青贮玉米品种提供理论依据。结果表明,不同青贮玉米组合的秸秆NDF含量与蔗糖合成酶活性有关,且秸秆NDF含量与蔗糖合成酶活性成负相关。验证了蔗糖合成酶作为纤维素合成的关键酶,通过将蔗糖分解为UDPG,为纤维素合成提供直接底物的规律。     

Effect of Pathogen Synergistic Pathogenicity on Severity of Verticillium Wilt of Cotton

Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne and vascular pathogen causing Verticillium wilt of cotton, which is one of the most severe diseases affecting cotton production in China. Recently, a soil-inhabiting opportunistic pathogen was isolated and identified as Scopulariopsis gossypii; it could infect the host through wounds and increase disease severity in combination with V. dahliae. S. gossypii was able to form conidia in a nutritionally poor substrate and had similar biological characteristics to other vascular pathogens, while ultrastructure observation also confirmed that it was present in vascular tissue of cotton plants and produced conidia. Nematode activity in soil could cause wounds on the surface of cotton roots resulting in infection by the pathogens. On the basis of our analysis of the biological characteristics and infection process of S. gossypii and its interactions with other pathogens in cotton plants, we propose establishing a research program for multipathogen-host interactions in the cotton rhizosphere, which will enable detailed investigation of the synergistic pathogenesis of S. gossypii and V. dahliae.     

Novel Magnetic Nanocarbon and Its Adsorption of Hg and Pb from Water

Lead and mercury are two of the most toxic heavy metals in environments. Mesosilicate-templated magnetic nanocarbons with ascorbic acid as carbon precursor were developed through nanocasting processes. The nanocarbon showed effective magnetic separation and the maximum adsorption capacity of 80.6 and 66.3 mg/g for Hg and Pb, respectively. Langmuir model well described adsorption processes of both Hg and Pb from water. Magnetic nanocarbon could be easily separated and incinerated, reducing the volume requiring the disposal. This study indicates that mesosilicate-templated nanocarbons with easy disposal potentials may be good candidates for cleansing Hg and Pb from contaminated water.     

液力变矩器性能试验台油温自动控制系统研制

液力变矩器性能试验台是进行汽车液力变矩器常规性能试验及动态特性试验的专用设备 ,是汽车液力变矩器开发、设计、产品测试的必备设备。在进行变矩器的性能试验特别是零速工况试验时 ,试验输入的功率大部分转化为热量 ,使液力变矩器的介质油升温很快 ,影响试验精度。为了保证油温在试验规定的范围内 ,必须建立油温的自动控制系统。本文论述了自行设计的油温控制系统的组成结构、温度调节方案及提高系统反应速度的方法。试验结果表明 :该系统具有反应速度快、控制精度高等特点 ,温度控制精度在± 2℃以内 ,保障了汽车液力变矩器性能试验精度