提高肉用鹧鸪生产性能的关键技术

鹧鸪养殖具有易饲养、周期短、疾病少、低成本、报酬高、销路广等优点,深受饲养者的欢迎。本文从鹧鸪育雏管理,科学饲养,卫生防疫等方面对提高肉用鹧鸪生产性能进行综合论述,以供广大饲养者参考。     

大白菜黄心性状相关标记的开发与应用

当前国内针对大白菜黄心性状的筛选研究尚有缺乏,试验论据不足,本试验立足分子标记研究,验证及筛选大白菜的黄心性状,分析准确性分子标记,为大白菜黄心性状的筛选研究奠定基础。试验采用纯合白心早熟早抽自交系‘127-4’（P1）和黄心晚抽自交系‘11-2’（P2）为试验主体材料,以‘127-4’为父本,以‘11-2’为母本,两者杂交获得F₁代后,继续使F₁代自交获得了‘264’（F₂）群体。利用所得到的白心大白菜和黄心大白菜植株通过BSA-seq法对大白菜全基因组进行重测序,以此设计并筛选鉴定引物,最后筛选出标记为“9-13”（F：5''- CCGAAGCCCAGATTAGGAG-3'';R：5''-CCATGCCTACGAATGATAT -3''）。得到的该分子标记可在黄心大白菜育种材料中扩展出200bp的特异条带,经验证,该标记区分白心大白菜与黄心大白菜单株的符合度可达到75%以上。目前利用该标记已经准确筛选出30多份黄心大白菜种质资源,大白菜的菜心性状得到了特定把控,也为准确筛选提供了依据。     

Exogenous application of melatonin improves plant resistance to virus infection

In this study, melatonin (MEL)-mediated plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was examined to study local infection in Nicotiana glutinosa and systemic infection in Solanum lycopersicum. Exogenous application of 100 µm MEL increased anti-virus infection activity to 37.4% in virus-infected N. glutinosa plants. The same treatment significantly reduced relative levels of virus RNA analysed by qRT-PCR and virus titres measured by dot-ELISA, and increased the relative expression levels of the PR1 and PR5 genes analysed by qRT-PCR, in virus-infected S. lycopersicum. MEL treatment induced considerable accumulations of salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) but did not significantly affect production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the virus-infected S. lycopersicum plants. Transgenic nahG N. tabacum was used to determine whether MEL-induced TMV resistance was dependent on the SA pathway. The results showed that the relative RNA level of the TMV analysed by qRT-PCR and virus titres analysed by dot-ELISA were not reduced by the MEL treatment in the nahG transgenic N. tabacum seedlings treated twice with 100 µm MEL. The increased relative expression levels of PR1 and PR5 were greatly reduced when cPTIO, an NO scavenger, was included in the MEL treatment. A working model of MEL-mediated plant resistance to TMV is proposed. MEL-mediated plant resistance to viruses provides a new avenue to control plant viral diseases.     

草莓丝核菌根腐病病原菌鉴定及7种杀菌剂的抑菌作用测定

为了解草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原种类及筛选防治丝核菌根腐病的有效杀菌剂,本研究基于形态学特征、细胞核荧光染色、菌丝融合群测定以及rDNA-ITS的序列分析,对北京和河北承德地区的草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原菌进行了鉴定,并利用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对丝核菌的抑菌作用。结果发现,北京地区的丝核菌为双核丝核菌(binucleate Rhizoctonia,BNR),属于融合群AG-A;河北的丝核菌为立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani,属于融合群AG-4。氟啶胺、吡唑醚菌酯、噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、咯菌腈、氟硅唑对2种丝核菌均有很强的抑制作用,EC_(50)值为0.063 9～2.485 7μg/mL,抑霉唑的抑制作用较差,EC_(50)值为9.966 8～11.236 8μg/mL。同一种杀菌剂对不同丝核菌的抑制作用存在差异,噻呋酰胺、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、咯菌腈和抑霉唑对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用强于对双核丝核菌。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治草莓丝核菌根腐病提供了科学依据。     

柑橘溃疡病拮抗菌的分离筛选及其田间防效

从湖南衡阳、常德、长沙、永州等地的柑橘园采集标本,分离、筛选柑橘叶表微生物,共分离到225株细菌,9株真菌.平板拮抗试验结果表明,其中6个菌株有较好的防效,占分离菌株的13.7%.通过对菌株过滤液和定殖力的测定,菌株Kx15和Kx48效果明显,在温室对柑橘溃疡病的防治效果分别达到45.6%和55.6%,在重病果园中的防治效果分别为40.3%,47.7%,且Kx48要优于Kx15.菌株Kx15初步鉴定属于葡萄糖杆菌属,Kx48属于乳酸杆菌属.     

Ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes and effect of starvation in miiuy croaker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miichthys miiuy</Emphasis> larvae

The ontogenetic development of the digestive enzymes amylase, lipase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase and the effect of starvation in miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy larvae were studied. The activities of these enzymes were detected prior to exogenous feeding, but their developmental patterns differed remarkably. Trypsin activity continuously increased from 2 days after hatching (dah), peaked on 20 dah, and decreased to 25 dah at weaning. Alkaline phosphatase activity oscillated at low levels within a small range after the first feeding on 3 dah. In contrast, amylase and lipase activities followed the general developmental pattern that has been characterized in fish larvae, with a succession of increases or decreases. Amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities generally started to increase or decrease at transitions from endogenous to exogenous feeding or diet changes, suggesting that these enzymatic activities can be modulated by feeding modes. The activities of all the enzymes remained stable from 25 dah onwards, coinciding with the formation of gastric glands and pyloric caecum. These results imply that specific activities of these enzymes underwent changes due to morphological and physiological modifications or diet shift during larval development but that they became stable after the development of the digestive organs and associated glands was fully completed and the organs/glands functioned. Trypsin and alkaline phosphatase were more sensitive to starvation than amylase and lipase because delayed feeding up to 2 days after mouth opening was able to adversely affect their activities. Enzyme activities did not significantly differ among feeding groups during endogenous feeding; however, all activities were remarkably reduced when delayed feeding was within 3 days after mouth opening. Initiation of larvae feeding should occur within 2 days after mouth opening so that good growth and survival can be obtained in the culture.     

基于Kalman滤波农用车辆导航定位方法

因RTD-GPS定位精度不能满足农田导航作业的需要,研究了一种提高农用车辆自动导航定位精度的方法.建立天线补偿模型,对GPS天线晃动引起的误差进行了补偿;建立基于Kalman滤波模型,融合多传感器信息;使用自主开发的基于VRS的GPS接收机,作为RTD-GPS.将RTD-GPS、电子罗盘以及速度传感器获得信息进行Kalman滤波,其结果和高精度GPS数据进行了比较.实验证明,直线跟踪中,平均偏差由1.6019m减小到0.597m;曲线跟踪中,平均偏差由1.2085m减小到0.4861m.     

农用有机硅助剂对全雌性旱黄瓜诱雄效果影响的研究

以全雌性旱黄瓜品种为试验材料,研究不同化学药剂（赤霉素、硝酸银、硫代硫酸银）及其不同使用浓度,结合有机硅助剂,分别两次处理4叶期、6叶期雌性系黄瓜幼苗,以每种诱雄药剂不加有机硅助剂为对照,观察各处理植株前15节的诱雄效果。结果表明,三种药剂均能够在一定程度上起到诱导雄花的效果,但是相同浓度下加入有机硅处理的各组叶片伤害程度较轻,采种量也较大,效果最好的组合是300mg／L硝酸银加有机硅助剂的一组。     

粳稻杂种早期世代产量性状选择效果研究

通过对6个粳稻杂交组合F2代6个产量性状的遗传相关、遗传参数、通径分析及选择指数的研究,结果表明:在早期世代对每穗粒数、有效穗数、单穗重及单株谷重进行综合选择,对产量的遗传进展有较好的效果。     

不同类型萝卜芽菜的生长及营养成分

为萝卜芽菜资源的开发利用提供理论依据,采用方差分析法研究白、青及红3种类型萝卜芽菜的生长和营养成分差异。结果表明:培养3d、6d和9d时均以青萝卜芽菜的生物量最高,分别为117.0mg/株、120.8mg/株、133.2mg/株,显著高于白、红萝卜芽菜;红萝卜芽菜花青素含量在幼苗生长3d、6d和9d时均最高,分别为0.053 1mg/g、0.047 5mg/g和0.094 5mg/g,显著高于白、青萝卜芽菜;3种萝卜芽菜的VC含量在幼苗生长3d时均最高,分别为白萝卜0.73mg/g、青萝卜0.51mg/g及红萝卜0.56mg/g,白萝卜芽菜VC含量显著高于青萝卜和红萝卜;随生长时间延长3种萝卜芽菜VC含量均呈下降趋势。综合考虑萝卜芽菜的产量和营养,幼苗生长6d时为最适采芽时间。