黄鳝排尿器官的解剖学研究

应用铸型技术等方法研究了黄鳝排尿器官的解剖学结构。结果见到,黄鳝2条中肾管在中肾末端与所谓退化性腺（亦即膀胱）相连,并与该“退化性腺”之间存在着明显的通道关系,而“退化性腺”直接通于尿孔。此外,组织学的研究也支持了解剖学结果,并证实中肾管在“退化性腺”中存在着2种开口类型;单口型和双口型。研究结果为作者先前提出的有关黄鳝“退化性腺”是膀胱的结论提供了直接的形态学证据。     

凡纳对虾小触角表面结构的显微观察

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了凡纳对虾小触角的表面结构。结果发现：小触角上广泛着生着700根以上的羽状刚毛；外鞭片状隆起腹面平均约具280根无顶孔但有细分支的化感刚毛，这类有分支的化感刚毛在其它十足目种类上未见有报道，而且其刚毛数也较其它种类少；内侧附肢前端与柄节上直立的羽状刚毛毛簇顶相接触，推测该结构可能对相邻的复眼具某种作用。     

神农架地区虫草寄主记述

对神农架林区已发现的粉被虫草菌、珊瑚虫草菌、霍克斯虫草菌、蛹虫草菌和巴恩斯虫草菌的寄主昆虫种类作了调查,描述了寄主被寄生后的虫体形态。     

Prior infection with antigenically heterologous low pathogenic avian influenza viruses interferes with the lethality of the H5 highly pathogenic strain in domestic ducks

Low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs and HPAIVs, respectively) have been co-circulating in poultry populations in Asian, Middle Eastern, and African countries. In our avian-flu surveillance in Vietnamese domestic ducks, viral genes of LPAIV and HPAIV have been frequently detected in the same individual. To assess the influence of LPAIV on the pathogenicity of H5 HPAIV in domestic ducks, an experimental co-infection study was performed. One-week-old domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally and orally with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) or 10⁶ EID₅₀ of LPAIVs (A/duck/Vietnam/LBM678/2014 (H6N6) or A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM694/2014 (H9N2)). Seven days later, these ducks were inoculated with HPAIV (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM808/2015 (H5N6)) in the same manner. The respective survival rates were 100% and 50% in ducks pre-infected with LBM694 or LBM678 strains and both higher than the survival of the control group (25%). The virus titers in oral/cloacal swabs of each LPAIV pre-inoculation group were significantly lower at 3–5 days post-HPAIV inoculation. Notably, almost no virus was detected in swabs from surviving individuals of the LBM678 pre-inoculation group. Antigenic cross-reactivity among the viruses was not observed in the neutralization test. These results suggest that pre-infection with LPAIV attenuates the pathogenicity of HPAIV in domestic ducks, which might be explained by innate and/or cell-mediated immunity induced by the initial infection with LPAIV.     

Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects of Isaridin E Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus via Downregulating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Isaridin E, a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from the marine-derived fungus Amphichorda felina (syn. Beauveria felina) SYSU-MS7908, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities. Here, we first found that isaridin E concentration-dependently inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, activation, and secretion in vitro, but did not affect collagen- or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, isaridin E dose-dependently reduced thrombosis formation in an FeCl₃-induced mouse carotid model without increasing the bleeding time. Mechanistically, isaridin E significantly decreased the ADP-mediated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. In conclusion, these results suggest that isaridin E exerts potent antithrombotic effects in vivo without increasing the risk of bleeding, which may be due to its important role in inhibiting ADP-induced platelet activation, secretion and aggregation via the PI3K/Akt pathways.     

桉树尺蠖幼虫不同危害时期施药防治效果比较

桉树尺蠖是闽南地区桉树林中发生最严重的食叶害虫,为控制其危害,确定最佳防治适期,通过采用林间喷洒2％阿维菌素+苏云金杆菌粉剂的方法,比较第1代幼虫危害早期(5月2日)、危害中期(5月13日)和危害后期(5月30日)分别进行防治的效果,结果表明:在第1代尺蠖幼虫危害早期,每667m2使用500 g药剂进行防治,5 d后虫...     

福建省平和县龙山小流域水土流失治理措施布局及施工工艺

本文阐明了龙山小流域综合治理措施布局,形成完整的山、水、田、林、路水土流失综合治理防护体系;结合项目区实际情况分析了各种治理措施的施工工艺和方法.     

柑桔粉虱发生为害特点及防治对策

柑桔粉虱(Dialeurodes citri Ashmead)又名白粉虱、桔黄粉虱、通草粉虱等,近年来在枝江市柑桔产区为害日趋严重,年发生面积5 800hm2,占全市柑桔种植面积的80%以上.该虫主要以成、幼虫在叶背吸取汁液,并分泌蜜露诱发煤烟病,使枝、叶、果变黑,阻碍叶片光合作用,造成树势衰弱、产量下降、品质变劣.为害严重时,新梢纤弱不充实,抽生数量少,翌年极少开花结果.为有效控制其为害,我们自2002年开始对其发生为害特点、偏重发生原因及防治对策进行了调查研究.     

无锡茶园不同修剪模式对茶小绿叶蝉发生量的影响

为优化春茶后茶园修剪模式,提高小绿叶蝉控制率,对福鼎大毫和福鼎大白进行不同修剪时间和不同修剪高度的比较,综合结果显示,福鼎大毫以4月28日修剪高度45 cm,小绿叶蝉总控制率最高;福鼎大白以5月25日修剪高度45 cm,小绿叶蝉总控制率达到最高.     

添加剂NAM对盐碱地棉花产量和氮肥农学利用效率的影响

本研究旨在提高盐碱土壤中氮肥的利用率,降低硝化作用,减少氮素营养的流失。采用田间小区试验,设计处理：不施肥（CK）、常规施肥、常规施肥＋NAM（长效复合肥添加剂）、常规施肥量80%＋NAM,研究了不同处理盐渍土壤养分离子及棉花产量的变化。结果表明,肥料中加入NAM后,与常规施肥比较,可提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾和速效磷等养分含量,降低土壤碱化度,增加土壤阳离子交换量（Cation exchange capacity,CEC）及水溶性盐基离子K^＋、Ca^2＋与Mg^2＋含量。pH与电导率变化不明显。棉花产量提高了6.72%,氮肥农学利用效率提高了19.3%。常规施肥量80%＋NAM处理的棉花产量与常规施肥相当,但具有更高的肥料偏生产力和氮肥农学利用效率,可推荐在生产实践中应用。