不同海拔高度芜菁营养成分分析

【目的】 研究不同海拔高度对芜菁营养成分的影响,分析芜菁在青海省的适生区范围,为芜菁种植选择最佳适生区以及提高资源利用率提供重要的依据。【方法】 选取不同来源的13份芜菁为材料,比较分析芜菁在青海省西宁市(海拔2 261 m,A处理)、青海省海南藏族自治州贵南县(海拔3 100 m,B处理)和青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树市小苏莽乡(海拔3 750 m,C处理)3个不同海拔的地区种植对其营养成分的影响。【结果】 随着海拔高度的增加,芜菁的可溶性双缩脲蛋白质含量增加、总糖含量增加、亚硝酸盐含量增加、硝态氮含量降低、含水量降低,而海拔高度对芜菁抗坏血酸含量、总抗氧化能力和粗纤维含量没有显著影响,表现为在B处理下,抗坏血酸含量高于其他两个地区,总抗氧化能力更强,粗纤维含量比较高。海拔高度与总糖、亚硝酸盐含量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性糖、硝态氮含量呈极显著负相关;土壤理化性质与可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、总糖、硝态氮和亚硝酸盐含量具有相关性。【结论】 在不同海拔地区芜菁含有的营养成分间存在显著差异,4份材料(1402、W₃₀、昌都和玉树芫根)在海拔2 261和3 100 m的地区各营养成分含量表现更优,1份材料(W₂₂)在海拔为3 750 m的地区营养含量表现更佳。9个营养指标中有4个与海拔高度达到显著性相关;土壤理化性质与营养成分含量具有相关性。     

奶牛常用饲料瘤胃干物质和淀粉降解规律的研究

以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳前期荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,在精粗比为55∶45的日粮条件下,采用In sacco法测定了奶牛常用饲料瘤胃内干物质和淀粉的降解规律。试验结果表明,不同饲料的干物质和淀粉在奶牛瘤胃中的降解率不同。能量饲料中,麸皮的干物质和淀粉的瘤胃降解率均高于玉米;蛋白质饲料中,干物质和淀粉的降解率顺序是豆粕>胡麻饼>棉粕;常用粗料中,玉米青贮的干物质和淀粉的降解率均高于青干草。     

嘧肽霉素高产菌株的选育

以不吸水链霉菌辽宁变种为出发菌株,经紫外线、亚硝酸诱变和紫外线与嘧肽霉素复合诱变,选育出了嘧肽霉素的高产菌株,抑菌圈直径由原来的20.5mm提高到36.4mm。传代培养5代表明,该高产菌株遗传特性稳定。     

钙离子在植物生理调节中的作用

钙是植物必须的营养元素,同时也是植物体内转导多种生理过程的胞内胞外信号物质之一。胞外Ca2+通过Ca2+通道内流进入胞质,并通过Ca2+-ATPase和Ca2+/H+反向转运蛋白外流,以保持胞质内低Ca2+浓度。同时为了应对植物发育和环境胁迫信号,Ca2+由质膜、液泡膜和内质网膜的Ca2+通道内流进入胞质,导致胞质Ca2+浓度迅速增加,产生钙瞬变和钙振荡,传递到钙信号靶蛋白(如钙调素、钙依赖型蛋白激酶及钙调磷酸酶B类蛋白,引起特异的生理生化反应),这一系列钙信号调节、应答机制构成了植物的钙信号系统。对钙转运系统、钙信号调节和放大及应答方式进行了综述。     

The incidence, cost and factors associated with foot lameness in dairy cattle in south-western Victoria

A survey of 73 dairy farms in south-western Victoria was conducted to assess the cost and mean herd incidence of foot lameness for the period from calving to the end of November, 1985, and to identify the herd, management and environmental factors associated with foot lameness. The mean herd size was 125 cows (range 82 to 220). Lameness occurred in 64 (88%) herds, and the mean herd incidence was 7.0% (range 0.0 to 30.9%). The main clinical signs associated with lameness were the presence of overworn and/or bruised soles, or stones lodged in the interdigital cleft. Factors associated with lameness were: property and herd size, age of cow, bail feeding, voluntary entry into the bails, and features of the farm track including its length, the presence of steep slopes, the type of surface material, presence and treatment of broken sections and maintenance including rolling history. The association of these factors with specific clinical signs was examined. The mean cost was estimated to be $42.90 per lame cow due to loss of production, treatment, the culling or death of lame cows, and extra man hours spent managing lame cows. It was concluded that the site, construction, maintenance and use of the farm track were of major importance to the incidence of lameness in herds in this area and recommendations for reducing lameness are made.     

Does the Amount of Progesterone in Intravaginal Implants Used to Synchronise Oestrus Affect the Reproductive Performance of Brahman Heifers Artificially Inseminated at a Fixed Time

The study tested the hypothesis that reduced intravaginal implant progesterone (P₄) concentration to synchronise oestrus would increase pregnancy rates to fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Bos indicus heifers. Brahman heifers (n = 294; 2 year) were body condition scored (BCS), weighed and scanned for presence of a corpus luteum (CL). Only cyclic heifers were selected and allocated randomly within BCS and 25 kg bodyweight category to one of three P₄ treatment groups. On day 10, heifers received a P₄ implant (CueMate‐1‐pod, 0.78g P₄; CueMate‐2‐pod, 1.56g P₄; or CIDR‐B, 1.9g P₄), 2 mg oestradiol benzoate (ODB) intramuscularly (IM) and 250 ug cloprostenol IM. At day 2, the implant was removed, 250 ug cloprostenol was injected IM and tail paint applied. The heifers received 1 mg ODB 24 h later and were FTAI 48–54 h after implant removal (day 0). Ten randomly selected heifers per group were blood sampled and scanned at days 10, 2, 0 and 6 to define the P₄ profiles pre‐ and post‐FTAI. Heifers were heat‐detected 18–20 days post‐FTAI and oestrous heifers AI’d by the AM/PM rule. Bulls joined the heifers on day 27 post‐FTAI. Transrectal ultrasonography estimated conception date on day 72. Statistical analysis examined the effects of treatment, technician, semen, ovarian status, BCS and liveweight, on pregnancy rate (PR) to FTAI. There was no significant difference (p = 0.362) in PR between treatment groups (CueMate 1‐pod, 36.4%; CueMate 2‐pod, 39.6%: CIDR‐B, 28.3%), but PR was higher in those heifers with increased BCS between FTAI and pregnancy diagnosis (p = 0.005). Thirty‐three per cent of monitor heifers had plasma P₄ concentrations of <1 ng/ml on day 6 after FTAI; only 20% of these conceived vs 60% of heifers with P₄ ≥ 1 ng/ml. In summary, no significant difference in PR was identified between treatments but good BCS and a rising plane of nutrition were critical to PR of these pure grade Brahman heifers in northern Australia.     

Effects of antibiotic therapy at drying off on mastitis in the dry period and early lactation

Four strategies for selecting cows for intramammary therapy with benzathine cloxacillin at drying off were compared in 12 Victorian dairy herds. The bacteriological status of all quarters of all (1044) cows was determined just before drying off, within 2 d of calving, and again 3 to 5 months after calving. All cases of clinical mastitis (from calving to mid-lactation) were recorded. Cows not infected at drying off were allocated randomly to 2 subgroups of approximately 350 cows each: not infected, not treated (NI-NT), or not infected, all quarters treated (NI-AT). New infection rates in the dry period (3.8% for NI-NT vs 2.1% for NI-AT) and in early lactation (4.1% for NI-NT vs 3.9% for NI-AT) were low and these differences were not significant. Incidence of clinical mastitis in early lactation was almost 50% higher for the treated group of uninfected cows compared with the untreated group (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). Cows infected in one or more quarters at drying off were split randomly into 2 subgroups of approximately 170 cows each: infected, all quarters treated (I-AT), or infected quarters treated only (I-QT). The new infection rate during the dry period was nearly 4 times higher for I-QT (15.3%) due to significantly more new infections by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)