麻栎资源研究进展及开发利用对策

麻栎是我国传统的优良硬阔叶用材树种,也是一种重要的能源树种。从地理分布、生物学特性、苗木培育、造林经营管理和加工利用等方面总结了我国麻栎的研究进展,探讨了麻栎资源培育和开发利用存在的问题和今后研究的发展方向。     

北五味子主要性状的遗传参数及相关性研究

对辽宁省本溪县北五味子示范园内三年生成熟期北五味子主要性状的遗传参数及性状间遗传相关性分析,并在遗传相关的基础上对产量性状进行逐步回归和通径分析。遗传参数分析结果表明：果穗数、平均穗重、产量、地茎、穗粒数的变异系数较大,育种选择潜力大。遗传相关分析结果表明：产量及果穗数分别与地茎呈极显著、显著正相关,与比叶重间呈极显著负相关。逐步回归分析表明：对产量贡献较大的性状主要有果穗数、平均穗重、果穗长和比叶重,其中比叶重对产量为负向效应。通径分析结果表明：与产量主要相关的5个性状中果穗数对产量的直接正向效应值最大,总间接正向效应值最小;果穗数对产量的直接效应为正,总间接效应为负,且直接效应绝对值大于总间接效应;果穗长与地茎对产量的直接与间接效应均为正向,且总间接效应大于直接效应;比叶重对产量的直接效应与间接效应值均为负,直接效应与间接效应数值相差不大。     

不同施肥处理对水稻产量、食味品质及蛋白质组分的影响

对粳稻品种津原45进行5种不同类型肥料的田间试验,研究了5种不同施肥处理对水稻产量、品质、淀粉谱特性及蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,采用不同施肥处理对水稻有显著的增产作用,各施肥处理分别增产20.42%-56.94%;处理Ⅱ（常规施肥）获得了最高的产量;处理Ⅳ（拟日本稻作法）增产最少;处理Ⅲ（有机肥）和处理Ⅴ（东洋生物肥）的稻米产量略低于处理Ⅱ。直链淀粉含量在各处理间差异显著,蛋白质含量无显著差异。处理Ⅳ的崩解值最高,为84.58RVU,消减值最低,仅为10.00RVU,食味值为65.5,食味最好;处理Ⅱ的崩解值最低,为67.75RVU,消减值最高为23.50 RVU,食味值为54.0,食味最差。各蛋白质组分含量与食味值的相关均未达到显著水平,醇溶蛋白含量与最高粘度和最终粘度呈显著负相关,谷蛋白含量与最高粘度呈显著负相关,其他蛋白质组分含量与淀粉谱特性中的各项指标间相关均未达到显著水平。处理Ⅲ（有机肥）和处理Ⅴ（东洋生物肥）较好地兼顾了产量和品质,是较为可行的施肥方法。     

对称传感结构的谷物清选损失监测装置研制

该文设计研制了一种联合收割机清选损失监测装置,采用对称传感器结构补偿干扰信号,带通电荷放大处理激励信号,经带通滤波电路有效提取谷粒损失信号,最后由单片机单元实时监测计数。通过实验室与田间试验分析,设计的监测仪能有效的监测联合收割机清选损失,最大测量误差为2.81%,满足实际设计监测要求。该研究可为谷物联合收割机清选损失测试研究提供参考。     

濒危植物扇脉杓兰的花部特征与繁育系统

通过野外观测,运用杂交指数(OCI),花粉萌发试验,去雄、套袋、人工授粉等方法对扇脉杓兰开花特性、花粉活力、柱头可授性、繁育系统进行研究,并对其柱头表面和花粉进行扫描电镜观察.结果表明:扇脉杓兰4-6月份开花,群体花期23天,单花花期12 ～ 16天.开花当天柱头即具有可授性,柱头可授性持续期为14天左右.花粉活力在花朵刚开放时最高(95％),至花朵凋谢之前仍保持较高的活力(70％).雌雄生殖单位在持续时间上有较长的相遇期.开花时柱头略高出花药,在花朵开放的整个过程中雌、雄蕊的相对位置始终不变.扇脉杓兰杂交指数OCI =4.自然条件下,扇脉杓兰的结实率仅为5％.人工自花授粉、异花授粉的结实率分别为90％和95％,表明扇脉杓兰是高度自交亲和的.而套袋后不采取措施和去雄的花均小结实,表明扇脉杓兰不存在自动的自花授粉、无融合生殖,因而扇脉杓兰必须通过一定的媒介传粉才能繁衍后代.     

球孢白僵菌侵染光肩星天牛幼虫的扫描电镜及组织病理观察

应用扫描电镜和组织切片法研究球孢白僵菌侵染光肩星天牛幼虫体壁的过程以及寄主中肠发生的病理变化.结果表明:接菌后48h,芽管平均长度达到3.08μm时即可侵入幼虫体表.随着侵染时间延长,芽管伸长形成菌丝,逐渐萌发生成新的分生孢子,在后期菌丝间出现丝状物和网状结构,这2种现象在国内外未见报道.分生孢子多数以芽管方式侵入表皮,也可以产生附着胞再侵染.组织切片显示:侵染3天的幼虫腹部体腔中脂肪体组织变得模糊,细胞核不明显,马氏管出现空泡并变形.中肠围食膜被分解消失,肠壁肌肉层向内皱褶,排列紊乱,出现破裂,肠腔内变浑浊.     

Effects of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on newly developed high-fat/Western-style diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in mice

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on newly developed high-fat/Western-style diet-induced obesity and symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat/Western-style (HFW; 60% energy as fat and lower levels of calcium, vitamin D(3), folic acid, choline bitartrate, and fiber) or HFW with EGCG (HFWE; HFW with 0.32% EGCG) diet for 17 wks. As a comparison, two other groups of mice fed a low-fat diet (LF; 10% energy as fat) and high-fat diet (HF; 60% energy as fat) were also included. The HFW group developed more body weight gain and severe symptoms of metabolic syndrome than the HF group. The EGCG treatment significantly reduced body weight gain associated with increased fecal lipids and decreased blood glucose and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels compared to those of the HFW group. Fatty liver incidence, liver damage, and liver triglyceride levels were also decreased by the EGCG treatment. Moreover, the EGCG treatment attenuated insulin resistance and levels of plasma cholesterol, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), interlukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Our results demonstrate that the HFW diet produces more severe symptoms of metabolic syndrome than the HF diet and that the EGCG treatment can alleviate these symptoms and body fat accumulation. The beneficial effects of EGCG are associated with decreased lipid absorption and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines.     

Analysis of the structure of lignin-carbohydrate complexes by the specific13C tracer method

In the present study the specifically¹³C-enriched lignin precursors of biosynthesis (i.e., coniferin-[side chain–¹³C], coniferin-[side chain-–¹³C] and coniferin-[side chain-–¹³C]) were synthesized and administered exogeneously to ginkgo shoots (Ginkgo biloba L.) to obtain¹³C-enriched lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The specifically¹³C-enriched LCCs were isolated from the newly formed xylem of ginkgo shoots administered with the¹³C-enriched precursors and degraded by enzymes. Lignin-rich fractions, so called enzyme-degraded LCCs (EDLCCs), were obtained. By determining their¹³C-NMR spectra, information related to the chemical structure of lignin building units and linkages between phenylpropane units of lignin and carbohydrates were obtained. It was found that these precursors were incorporated in natural lignin successfully. Three lignin-carbohydrates linkages (i.e., ether type, ester type, ketal type) were found at the C -position of the side chain of phenylpropane units in ginkgo LCC. No lignin-carbohydrate bond at the C- or C-position of the lignin side chain was observed in the¹³C-NMR spectra of the¹³C-enriched LCCs. This fact indicates that a specific¹³C tracer technique can be useful in NMR study of the chemical structure of LCCs.Part of this paper was presented at the 5th Pacific Polymer Conference, Kyongju, Korea, October 1997     

鱼腥草主要病虫害调查方法与综合防治标准操作规程

摘 要：该文简述了鱼腥草主要病虫害种类,形态和症状及识别方法,提出了相应的调查取样方法和分级标准。根据鱼腥草主要病虫害的发生规律,参照《国家绿色食品A级农药施用标准》和《中药材生产质量管理规范(试行)》等条例的规定,归纳了一套鱼腥草病虫害防治标准操作规程,为鱼腥草GAP标准化生产提供了保障。