贵州柳杉云毛虫发生特点与防治

为了有效控制柳杉云毛虫Hoenimnema roesleri Lajonquière在贵州的发生、危害及蔓延,对柳杉云毛虫的生物学习性进行了初步调查,对其形态进行了描述,对其防治效果进行了后续观察,总结提出了化学、人工、营林相配套的综合防治技术措施。     

高产优质长粒型粳稻新品种垦育25的选育及栽培技术

垦育25是河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所育成的长粒型粳稻新品种,具有丰产性好、米质优、抗病能力强等优点。河北省区域试验平均产量694.5 kg/667 m²,较对照增产11.4%,米质达到国家优质3级米标准,田间表现抗倒性和抗病性强,适宜机械化栽培。2020年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,并被秦皇岛市列为主推水稻品种。     

甘蓝型油菜显性核雄性不育基因的AFLP标记鉴定

甘蓝型油菜双基因显性细胞核雄性不育系统受一对显性不育基因和一对显性上位抑制基因共同控制,不育单株的基因型为MsMsrfrf和Msmsrfrf。为了在育种过程中高效筛选后代单株基因型,本研究利用一个显性细胞核雄性不育杂合两型系70056AB（Msmsrfrf×msmsrfrf）构建的兄妹交分离群体,采用AFLP技术,在480对AFLP引物中筛选到一个与不育基因紧密连锁的分子标记P9M14-130。利用P9M14-130引物对70056AB的88个单株进行检测,发现该标记与雄性不育基因间的交换率为1.1％。     

大豆主要过敏原Gly m Bd30K蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与应用

利用大豆主要过敏原Gly m Bd 30K蛋白抗原表位蛋白为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤NS-1细胞融合.采用半固体培养基法和有限稀释法相结合的方法快速筛选获得稳定分泌的特异性杂交瘤细胞,用杂交瘤细胞株诱生小鼠腹水,应用蛋白A亲和层析法进行抗体纯化.采用Ig类与亚类鉴定试剂盒鉴定该单克隆抗体...     

昆明市马铃薯新品种-昆薯4号

昆薯4号属中晚熟品种,是昆明市农业科学研究院从国际马铃薯中心（cIP）引进的马铃薯选育材料中筛选而来,其杂交组合母本：381379．9,父本：XY16。在品种比较试验和云南省马铃薯品种区域试验及生产试验中表现突出,2009年该品种通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,命名为“昆薯4号”。     

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

【Objective】Our goal is to develop disaster-reducing, production-preserving and chemical-controlling cultivation techniques to effectively resist cold damage at the booting stage of japonica rice in cold region.【Method】The split plot design and the central combination test design were used to screen out the optimal application concentrations of CaCl2, glutamic acid(Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) through the membership function values of yield-related indicators under cold-water stress at booting stage.【Result】1) Under cold water stress at the booting stage, the optimal concentrations of exogenous CaCl2, Glu and GABA (CGG) were 1.87 mmol/L, 2.76 mg/L, 4.40 mmol/L, respectively and the average membership function value is the largest (0.932). 2) Compared with normal irrigation, the nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of cold-region japonica rice decreased under cold stress at the booting stage. Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, CGG application at the optimal concentration significantly increased the leaf area index (5.37%) and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency (4.53%) of Dongnong 428 at the full heading stage; significantly increased leaf biomass per leaf area (2.56%) and leaf area index (3.39%) of Songjing 10 at the full heading stage. 3) Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, the application of the optimal concentration of CGG increased the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity in the cold-region japonica rice, but it was still lower than that of the normal irrigation, and there were differences between varieties and treatments. 4) Compared with cold water stress at booting stage, the yield and yield components of cold-region japonica rice increased with the application of the optimal concentration CGG, and the impact on cold-sensitive varieties was more significant. 5) Compared with the cold water stress at the booting stage, the average increase in temperature production efficiency of Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10 was 5.55% and 23.72% under the optimal concentrations of CGG, respectively. The contribution rate of exogenous CGG to the gap of temperature production efficiency is 8.99%.【Conclusion】The application of the optimal concentration of CGG under cold water stress at the booting stage promoted leaf growth of cold-region japonica rice at the full heading stage and increased the population nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency, which was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation after heading stage, thereby reducing the loss of cold-region japonica rice under cold water stress at booting stage and improving the temperature production efficiency of cold-region japonica rice.     

裂果发生与果皮细胞壁修饰的关系研究进展

果皮发育状态和力学性能直接影响裂果的发生,而其力学性能与果皮细胞壁修饰有着密切的关系.从果皮细胞壁中的多糖、蛋白质、酚类物质、矿质元素以及有关细胞壁松弛基因等方面概述了果皮细胞壁组分代谢与生化修饰和裂果的关系,并展望该领域今后的研究方向.     

不同耕作和秸秆覆盖对三北2号玉米产量的影响

连续两年在慈利县研究了不同耕作方式(翻耕和免耕)和不同油菜秸秆覆盖量(全量、半量、0)对三北2号玉米产量和主要农艺性状的影响,以评价和筛选适合当地的耕作模式。结果表明,与免耕处理相比,翻耕各处理玉米平均产量增加了2.36%~9.11%,且在高温干旱年份(2013年)比雨水较多年份(2014年)增幅大。玉米单产均是秸秆全量覆盖处理半量覆盖处理不覆盖处理。翻耕+秸秆全量覆盖在连续两年的试验中产量均为最高,可在慈利县推广。     

风送式集中排肥系统的设计与试验

针对外槽轮排肥装置施肥作业均匀性不高的问题,设计一种风送式集中排肥装置及同步施肥控制系统。通过台架试验比较直槽、交错槽和螺旋槽3种排肥轮结构的排肥性能,并建立排肥轮转速与排肥速率的线性回归方程;基于北斗+GPS系统和限幅平均滤波算法提高行驶速度的监测精度,并据此开发施肥控制系统。结果表明：1)排肥轮转速为10～60 r/min时,螺旋槽结构排肥轮具有较好的排肥性能,排肥量稳定性变异系数和各行排肥量一致性变异系数分别为0.15%和1.57%,排肥量均匀性变异系数<4%。2)排肥轮转速<60 r/min时,施肥控制系统的施肥调整响应时间<0.85 s;当理论施肥量和平均作业速度分别为300～600 kg/hm²和5.22 km/h时,施肥准确率>95%。该风送式集中排肥装置及施肥控制系统可以实现同步、精量和均匀施肥作业。     

白叶枯病菌xopXoo基因在致病性中的作用

辣椒斑点病菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria,Xcv)在非寄主烟草上的过敏反应与xopX基因有关,但在白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo)基因组中并未标注xopX同源基因的功能。为研究白叶枯病菌中xopX同源基因在致病性中的作用,对白叶枯病菌的xopXoo基因进行了克隆和突变,并对xopXoo突变体在非寄主烟草上的过敏反应、水稻苗期的水浸症状以及成株期的致病性和病菌生长能力进行了分析。测定结果显示,xopXoo基因突变并不改变白叶枯病菌在烟草上激发过敏反应和在水稻上产生水浸症状能力,但突变菌株在成株期水稻上的致病性和菌体生长能力显著下降。遗传互补能够恢复xopXoo突变体的致病性和菌体生长能力,表明xopXoo是白叶枯病菌的致病性基因。还对白叶枯病菌激发非寄主烟草产生过敏反应的可能基因进行了讨论。