热应激对动物体内蛋白质周转代谢的内分泌途径的影响

本文讨论了高温条件下机体内分泌激素对蛋白质合成、分解的影响,试图从内分泌角度解释高温对动物体蛋白质沉积的影响机理.     

鸡胸腺肽的提取及其生物学活性的初步研究

采用两种不同的方法提取鸡胸腺肽,计算胸腺肽得率,鉴定和比较提取物的生物学活性。结果显示,两种方法的提取物在体外不仅能使脱E受体的淋巴细胞恢复其E受体的功能,并能促进体外培养的淋巴细胞增殖;而且能增强鸡的淋巴细胞增殖能力,增加鸡外周血中γ-干扰素的含量。除了E玫瑰花环实验,各项体内外的活性检测均显示第二批鸡胸腺肽具有较高的活性,并且与购买的人用胸腺肽相当。本研究的结果表明,提取方法二操作简便,产率高,其提取物生物学活性较高,可用于兽医临床研究。     

畜禽产品兽药残留超标案件的法律适用

畜禽产品兽药残留是政府关注、社会关切和消费者关心的食品安全问题。执法实践中,执法人员对畜禽养殖、畜禽收购与屠宰、畜禽产品市场销售等环节如何适用法律存在执法困惑。本文结合有关法理分析认为:一是养殖环节销售兽药残留超标的动物或动物产品的,应根据《兽药管理条例》对养殖者进行处罚。二是屠宰环节畜禽产品兽药残留超标的,要以违法行为是否构成为判定要素。对于畜禽产品尚未销售的,相关主体没有法律责任,但应对问题畜禽产品进行无害化处理,防止用于食品消费。对于畜禽产品已销售的,应根据《农产品质量安全法》对相关违法行为人进行处罚。在自营模式和代宰模式中,违法行为人认定和法律责任归属有所不同。三是市场销售环节发现畜禽产品兽药残留超标,应由食品药品监管部门按照《食品安全法》处罚,农业执法部门应防止越权执法。     

Seroepidemiology and genotyping of hepatitis E virus in Singapore reveal rise in number of cases and similarity of human strains to those detected in pig livers

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes 20 million infections worldwide yearly, of which only about 3.3 million are symptomatic. In developed Asian countries, HEV strains detected in human sera and in food sources were genetically similar, suggesting that indigenous HEV infections may be largely food‐borne. To assess the burden of hepatitis E in Singapore, we performed a seroepidemiologic study of the infection. Additionally, we carried out HEV genotyping on archived, residual HEV IgM‐positive serum samples collected between 2014 and 2016 (n = 449), and on pig liver samples (n = 36) purchased from wet markets and supermarkets. Our study shows a rise in hepatitis E incidence (IgM) from 1.7 to 4.1 cases per 100,000 resident population from 2012 to 2016 and an increase in hepatitis E IgG positivity rate among residents from 14% in 2007 to 35% in 2016. Other findings also suggest the epidemiology of hepatitis E in Singapore has shifted, from it being mainly a disease imported from the Indian subcontinent, to one that is now increasingly prevalent in our resident population. Genotypes obtained from 143 human samples identified the majority to be genotype 3 (n = 121), 21 to be genotype 1 and one to be genotype 4. Further phylogenetic analyses suggest genotype 3a to be the cause of indigenous infections in residents, which showed genetic similarity to the genotype 3a strains detected in pig livers. This link between the strains in the majority of human samples and those in pig livers consumed by the public suggests a possible food‐borne route of HEV infection in Singapore.     

Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on growth performance and antioxidative function of small intestine in broilers

Dietary Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) could enhance immune function in broilers, which was attributed primarily to its saponin components. However, YSE also contains phenolic compounds which possess antioxidant ability. This study tested the effects of YSE on growth performance of broilers, its antioxidative enzyme activities and corresponding gene expressions in the small intestine. A total of 128 15‐day‐old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: corn‐soya bean meal as the basal control diet or the basal diet containing either 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg of YSE. Each treatment consisted of four replicate pens with eight broilers per pen. The experiment lasted 28 days which was divided into a grower period (day: 15–28) and a finisher period (day: 29–42). On day 28 and day 42 body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were recorded. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected to analyse superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and gene expressions of SOD, CAT, GPx. The results showed that during the grower period a diet including 100 mg/kg YSE improved CAT capacity in the ileum, tended to increase activities of GPx in the duodenum, and further showed enhancing tendencies in SOD and GPx abilities in ileum. Gene expressions of CAT, SOD and GPx in the ileum tended to upregulate at 100 mg/kg YSE level. In the finisher period and over the whole period, all YSE groups had a reduced FI compared to the control group without compromising BW; 100 and 200 mg/kg YSE significantly improved FCR. In conclusion, the improved growth performance of broilers during the finisher period may be due to enhanced antioxidative ability in the grower period with YSE supplementation. This study provided evidence of using YSE as an additive to enhance growth in broilers.     

中华蜜蜂保种(资源)分子生物学评价方法

中华蜜蜂是我国独特的东方蜜蜂遗传资源,具有非常重要的利用与保护价值。随着技术的发展,基于分子生物学的保种手段也逐渐展开。本文详细阐述了蜜蜂保种的重要性,介绍了适用于蜜蜂资源评价的常用遗传标记以及适用于遗传资源保护的评价指标,为中蜂资源保护与利用工作提供理论与实践指导。     

安全型肉质改进剂(MQI-1)使用效果观察

据生产实践,高度培育猪种由于对外界环境的适应能力、抗应激能力较弱,易造成肉质下降。目前国内出现的劣质肉主要为PSE肉,主要表现肉色苍白,肉质松软和表面有汁液渗出。随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对肉品质量要求愈来愈高,劣质肉的出现将会严重影响养猪生产的经济效益。饲料中     

福建省规模猪场伪狂犬病流行病学调查与分析

作者分别应用血清中和试验（SNT）和PCR方法,对福建省近3年来56个规模猪场收集的1470份血清和71个规模猪场采集的136份病料进行了猪伪狂犬病的血清学调查和病原检测。结果表明：在2005年、2006年和2007年,猪伪狂犬病病毒中和抗体合格率：母猪分别为91.5％、89.2%和94.8%;6周龄前猪群分别为75.3%、56.6%和75.5%;6周龄后猪群分别为38%、33.9%和30.7%;被检病料中猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒阳性检出率分别为12.5%、17.4%和16.0%。由此可见,猪伪狂犬病在福建省规模猪场仍未得到完全控制,应加强防控。