高粱炭疽病研究进展

高粱作为中国主要的酿造原料之一,在国民经济发展中占据重要地位。高粱炭疽病是高粱的主要病害之一,在整个生育期中均可发病,且在温暖湿润的热带和亚热带栽种地区更易发生和流行,不仅影响植株的正常生长,严重时会引起产量的大幅下降和籽粒品质的劣变。多年来,高粱病理学家和育种家对高粱炭疽病病原菌菌株分离、病害发生流行规律、发生原因、寄主抗性利用和抗炭疽病基因定位等方面进行了广泛的研究,取得了一些进展。这些研究为炭疽病的生化防控以及培育抗炭疽病品种奠定了基础。开展高粱炭疽病研究,发掘更丰富多样的优异抗性种质资源,减少农药使用,不仅可以满足中国高粱产业对天然有机高粱原料的巨大需求,还可以推动高粱生产向高产优质转变。对高粱炭疽病的分布和发病症状、炭疽病病原菌侵染机理、病害发生流行规律及流行原因、抗性资源鉴定和高粱抗炭疽病基因定位的相关研究进展进行了综合分析和论述,以期从分子水平上更好地认识高粱与炭疽病病原菌之间的相互作用,为高粱炭疽病研究提供参考。     

Effect of 2, 3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on myocardial protection in cold cardioplegia

AIM: The effects of BDM on isolated rat heart in cold cardioplegia were studied. METHODS: Rat heart were subjected to cold cardioplegia at 4℃ for 8, 18 and 24 h.Then each heart was perfused (90 cm H₂O) in Langendorff model at 37℃ for 40 min. In the high K⁺ group(n=24) the hearts were preserved in St.Thomas cardioplegic solution, in BDM group(n=24) hearts were preserved in K-H solution with BDM 30 mmoL/L. RESULTS: After 18 h, heart rate and the coronary flow in BDM group were significantly higher than in high K⁺ group(P＜0.05). Activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in cell membrane and in mitochondrial membrane in the BDM group was significantly higher than high K⁺ group(P＜0.01). After 24 h, all hearts in high K⁺ group were dead, but were alive in BDM group. CONCLUSION: Under given experiment conditions, BDM did enhance the tolerance to cold ischemia significantly. The results showed that BDM may become a useful agent for prolong the storage period of heart in cold cardioglegia.     

Experimental research on cardiac fibrosis induced by recombinant mouse interleukin-11 in mice

AIM To observe the effect of recombinant mouse interleukin-11 （rmIL-11）injected subcutaneously into mice on heart structure and function and to determine its pro-fibrotic effect. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The mice in experimental group were injected subcutaneously with recombinant mouse IL-11 at the dose of 100 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 3 consecutive weeks, while the control group were given equal volume of normal saline in the same way. After the experiment was finished, the parameters of heart function were measured by echocardiography.The heart weight was weighed and the cardiac weight index (CWI) was calculated. HE staining and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to observe the pathological changes and the extent of myocardial fibrosis in mouse myocardia respectively, and the cardiac collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated. The expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardial tissues of mice, including type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening in experimental group were obviously lower than those in control group (P<0.01), however left ventricular end-diastolic diamension and left ventricular end systolic dimension were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the CWI was increased (P<0.01), the myocardial arrangement was disorder, the necrosis of cardiac myocytes was increased, and excessive deposition of collagen was observed in the myocardial tissues in experimental group. Correspondingly, the CVF and protein levels of type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and fibronectin in the left ventricle in experimental group were increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Injection of rmIL-11 into the mice subcutaneously induces fibrogenesis in the heart, which implies that IL-11 is likely a novel pro-fibrotic factor.     

利用SNP芯片对部分黄淮海玉米自交系遗传多样性分析

利用4 434个SNP标记对47份玉米自交系进行种质遗传多样性和杂种优势类群研究。采用Admixture软件对自交系的遗传结构进行分析,采用Treebest软件对自交系进行聚类分析和类群划分。结果表明,47份自交系分为6个类群,分别为瑞德群、兰卡斯特群、塘四平头群、PB群、旅大红骨群和自330亚群。10个自选系组配的杂交种主要利用的杂种优势模式为PB×塘四平头和瑞德×塘四平头,均为近年来黄淮海地区主要利用的杂种优势模式。     

武威某奶牛场犊牛及职工球虫病感染情况调查

为摸清该奶牛场的球虫感染情况,在甘肃省武威市某集约化牛场随机抽10头犊牛粪便及与犊牛直接接触的一线职工10人的粪便为样本,采用麦克马斯特计数方法,检测球虫病的感染情况。结果显示：该牛场球虫总感染率为80%,但OPG均小于5000,属于亚临床型球虫感染,该奶牛场职工没有球虫病感染情况。通过对球虫病感染的检查,诣在为该场犊牛球虫病的防控治疗提供依据。     

推广BMFB-4型高效免耕施肥播种机——提高保护性耕作机械化水平

我国农业生产环境脆弱,水资源紧缺,现有耕地94970khm^2,旱区约占60％,主要分布在日照长、温差大、富有农业生产潜力的北方和中西部地区。传统的耕作方式使土壤由于过度耕作而造成地表裸露,耕地退化,生态环境恶化。特别是近年来北方尘暴、沙化愈来愈烈,极大制约了农业的发展。迫切需要大力推广应用保护性耕作技术。对农田实行免耕少耕、残茬覆盖、生物覆盖、尽可能减少土壤耕作,减少土壤风蚀、水蚀,提高土壤肥力和抗旱能力。     

瓦埠湖沉积物氮的赋存特征以及环境因子对NH4+-N释放的影响

采用现场采样和室内测试的方法,研究了瓦埠湖沉积物各层的TN、NH4^＋-N、NO3^--N的赋存特征。结果发现,TN上层比底层低,随着沉积深度的增加,硝化作用相对减弱,NO3^-N随着沉积深度的增加而减少,NH4^＋-N的含量随着沉积深度的增加而增加。pH〈9时,pH对NH4^＋-N释放的影响规律不是很明显,pH〉9时,NH4^＋-N释放随着pH的增加而增加。随着温度的升高,NH4^＋-N的释放量增大。好氧、厌氧条件下,NH4^＋-N都有释放,且在好氧条件下NH4^＋-N呈低释放状态,厌氧状态下NH4^＋-N呈高释放状态。     

广东省农业信息需求、服务与资源共建现状与对策建议

分析了广东省农业信息需求、服务和信息资源共建的现状度主要存在的问题,提出了加快广东农业信息化发展的对策建议。     

集雨农业雨水利用转化效率及其提高途径分析

集雨农业是指收集、存储雨水径流并将其作为农村家庭人畜饮用水、环境卫生用水和农业补充灌溉用水的农业生产活动,包括收集、存储、输送、利用等多个过程,但目前各地的集雨农业技术研究多注重单项技术研究,而没有把它们当作一个整体来进行研究,导致许多地方出现收集与存储、收集与利用、存储与输送、存储与利用等脱节的现象,使各个环节的雨水利用转化效率普遍偏低。本文首先比较系统完整地提出了集雨农业雨水利用转化效率的概念,将集雨农业的雨水收集、雨水存储、雨水输送和雨水利用等各个过程看作一个整体进行研究分析,然后结合有关试验资料提出了提高集雨农业雨水利用转化效率的途径。     

控水控肥对微喷灌三七土壤磷素的影响

通过3个控水水平和4个控肥水平正交试验,对2017—2019年泸西县大栗树村三七典型种植区控水控肥条件下微喷灌三七土壤全磷和速效磷运移分布及其储量特性进行试验研究.结果表明：不同灌水量全磷以三七植株为中心沿水平方向和土壤深度增大均逐渐减小,水平方向最大值出现范围在0～10 cm,土壤深度最大值出现范围在0～20 cm.速效磷沿水平方向和土壤深度增大均先减小后增大,沿水平方向和土壤深度方向最大值出现范围均在0～20 cm.不同施肥量全磷和速效磷以三七植株为中心沿水平方向和土壤深度增大均先减小后增大,处理W3F2全磷和速效磷水平方向和土壤深度方向最大值出现范围在0～10 cm.不同灌水量全磷和速效磷分布均匀系数均随灌水量增加先减小后增大,处理W3F2全磷和速效磷分布均匀系数最小,分别为46.77%和62.70%,处理CK全磷偏态系数为负值,其余处理全磷和速效磷偏态系数均为正值.不同施肥量全磷和速效磷分布均匀系数均随施肥量增加先减小后增大,处理W2F3全磷分布均匀系数最小,为46.83%;处理W2F4速效磷分布均匀系数最小,为68.68%;处理W2F1速效磷偏态系数为负值,其余处理全磷和速效...