丹参开花与繁育特性研究

 通过田间观察和人工授粉等方法, 对丹参( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. ) 的开花生物学和繁育特性进行了初步研究。结果表明: 丹参为无限开花植物, 总状花序上通常有两性花近50朵, 单花花期5～7d, 从花前2 d到开花6 h花粉活力和柱头可授性都较大, 两者有效可遇期约为1.5 d, 可同花自交; 丹参自交结实和自然结实主要是通过同株异花传粉获得; 结合花粉/胚珠比、杂交指数以及繁育处理的结果认为,丹参不存在无融合生殖, 繁育类型为兼性异交, 自交亲和, 需要传粉者; 传粉媒介主要是蜂类。初步推断丹参为常异花授粉植物, 并对丹参育种中适宜采用的杂交方法及育种途径进行了探讨。     

苹果园春季土施尿素的利用及其在土壤中的累积

 以7年生嘎拉苹果/平邑甜茶为试材, 利用¹⁵N示踪技术, 研究了苹果生产体系中氮素年周期 的利用、残留、损失及在土壤中的迁移动态。结果表明, 对春季土施尿素的利用率盛花期较低, 为11.38% , 至采收后达到最高。土壤氮素残留率盛花期最高, 为57.10% , 果实采后残留率最低。年周期中各土层氮素残留量不同, 盛花期20～40 cm土层残留量最高, 采收后最低, 0～20 cm土层在新梢旺长期残留量最高, 果实成熟期最低, 而40～60 cm土层在果实膨大期残留量达到最高, 在采收后0～20 cm土层残留有所增加, 其余各土层残留量均达到最低值。氮素损失与土壤残留呈相反的变化趋势, 氮素损失率在盛花期最低为31.53% , 随物候期的推迟逐渐升高, 在果实采后高达58.40%     

梨叶片中苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的引物原位标记检测

 选用带苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的香梨叶片,制备成适合进行原位RT-PCR的石蜡切片。设计特异引物,利用引物原位标记技术对切片组织中的病毒进行了检测研究,结果表明,PRINS-FITC染色法和PRINS-Rhodamine染色法均能获得良好的检测效果,有病毒部位分别显示绿色荧光和红色荧光,而且荧光出现的位置与原位RT-PCR检测的结果一致。由此证明引物原位标记技术可用于果树病毒的原位检测。     

中熟蟠桃新品种‘瑞蟠22号’

 ‘瑞蟠22号’系‘幻想’ ב瑞蟠4号’杂交育成的中熟蟠桃新品种。该品种果实发育期为112 d, 平均单果质量182 g。果实扁平形, 白肉, 硬溶质, 味甜, 粘核。     

Alternariol induces DNA polymerase β expression via the PKA-CREB pathway in NIH3T3 cells

AIM: To investigate the signal transduction induced DNA polymerase β expression by alternariol(AOH) in NIH3T3 cells. METHODS: The NIH3T3 cells were treated with 15 μmol/L AOH for 16 h or the cells were pretreated with an inhibitor of PKA (H89) for 1 h, and then exposed to AOH. The changes of DNA polβ expression and phospho-CREB in the cells with different treatments were determined by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry analysis. RESULTS: The expression of DNA polymerase β and phospho-CREB in NIH3T3 cells induced by AOH were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). However, H89 partly blocked the AOH-induced phospho-CREB and DNA polβ expression. CONCLUSION: Alternariol up-regulates DNA polymerase β expression via the PKA-CREB pathway in NIH3T3 cells.     

Asymmetric dimethylarginine protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage

AIM: To investigate the effects of asymmetric dimethylaoyoinine (ADMA) on glutamate-induced PC12 cell damage and its mechanisms. METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of glutamate as an in vitro excitotoxic trauma model. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Glutamate cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dihydrorhodamine123 (DHR) staining and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production were detected by using commercial kits with a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Glutamate at concentrations of 1 mmol/L to 6 mmol/L dose-dependently decreased PC12 cell viability. Pretreatment 30 min with ADMA prior to administration of glutamate significantly attenuated the inhibition of cell viability, LDH release and ROS accumulation induced by glutamate. Pretreatment with ADMA significantly inhibited the increases in NOS activity and NO production caused by glutamate. CONCLUSION: ADMA obviously protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by inhibiting NOS activity, overproduction of NO and accumulation of intracellular ROS.     

Caelastrol and pristimerin derived from Leigongteng inhibit promoter activity of HLA-B*2705 gene

AIM: To screen the effective chemicals, which can suppress the promoter activity of the HLA-B*2705 gene as potential therapeutic agents. METHODS: The HeLa-HLA-B27, 293T-HLA-B27 stable transfectants were used to monitor the effect of 12 264 chemicals through high throughput screening (HTS). Chemicals which regulates HLA-B*2705 promoter activity more than 150% or less than 60% were picked out for the further IC50/EC50 and cell viability detection. RESULTS: (1) The primary screening used by 293T-HLA-B27 stable transfectant yielded about 5.1% hits which either suppressed (556 chemicals) or enhanced (68 chemicals) the HLA-B*2705 promoter activity. (2) A reconfirmation screening was carried out with these 624 of the candidates using transfected HeLa-HLA-B27 cells. Seventy hits were confirmed. (3) Based on the bioinformatics of those positive hits, 40 chemicals were selected for in-depth analysis by dose-response experiment and IC50/EC50 detection. Six suppressors showed potential pharmacological activities. Interestingly, two suppressors (celastrol and pristimerin) are derived from Leigongteng, a herbal medicine already used for several decades for treatment of immune regulatory and inflammatory diseases. Four active chemicals were computer designed with no relevance to the above structures. CONCLUSION: Chinese traditional herb Nansheteng and Leigongteng might be the potential drugs for HLA-B27 positive patients. These results provide new direction for research in both the therapeutics and the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis.     

Mechanism of mesenteric lymph reperfusion aggravates multiple organ injury in superior mesenteric artery occlusion shock rats

AIM: To explore the mechanism of mesenteric lymph reperfusion (MLR) aggravates multiple organ injury in superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: in sham group, only anesthetization and operation were performed; in MLR group, occlusion of mesenteric lymphatics (ML) for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion; in SMAO group, occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 1 h followed by 2 h reperfusion; in MLR+SMAO group, occlusion of SMA and ML for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The homogenates of liver, kidney, myocardium and lung were prepared for determining the activities of free radical, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cell membrane ATPase. RESULTS: The MDA, NO contents and NOS, MPO activities of multiple organic homogenate in SMAO and MLR+SMAO group were higher than those in sham and MLR group, and these indexes in MLR+SMAO were increased significantly than those in SMAO group. The SOD and ATPase activities of muliple organic homogenate in SMAO and MLR+SMAO group were lower than those in sham and MLR group, and those in MLR+SMAO group was decreased obviously than those in SMAO group. CONCLUSION: The MLR enhances the multiple organ free radical injury, NO synthesis and release, PMN detention and decreases the activity of cell membrane ATPase, aggravating the major organs injury in SMAO shock rats. Intestinal lymphatic pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SMAO shock.     

樱桃番茄新品种樱红1号的选育

樱红1号是以荷兰樱桃番茄品种樱桃红为母本,以日本樱桃番茄品种ペペ为父本杂交后通过系统选育而成的早熟樱桃番茄新品种。植株无限生长类型,果实圆球形,亮红色,无绿肩,番茄红素含量46.8 mg·kg^-1,可溶性糖49.9 g·kg^-1,总酸0.58 %,VC 475 mg·kg^-1,口感佳,风味浓,果实硬,耐贮运。高抗烟草花叶病毒病（TMV）,抗根结线虫;田间表现高抗枯萎病,耐青枯病。单果质量15~20 g,每667 m²产量3 000~3 500 kg,适合全国大部分地区露地和保护地栽培。     

新疆龙蒿开花习性及花芽分化研究

通过对新疆龙蒿整个生长周期的动态观测,发现新疆龙蒿在5月下旬～7月初进行花芽分化,其过程可分为花轴分化期、花序分化期和花器官分化期;顶生花芽和侧生花芽均由营养锥分化而成;舌状花为雌花,管状花为两性花.