乌骨鸡蛋形指数对孵化率的影响研究

将乌骨鸡种蛋按蛋形指数分为Ａ（≤７２．０％）、Ｂ（７２．１％－７４．０％）、Ｃ（７４．１％－７６．０％）、Ｄ（７６．１％－７８．０％）、Ｅ（≥７８．１％）五组进行孵化,结果表明：五组包骨 受精蛋孵化率分别为８２．６％、８６．１％、９０．２％、８７．２％、８２．５％、Ｃ组显著高于Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ各组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,并极显著地高于Ａ组和Ｅ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,蛋形指数为７４．１％－７６．０％的乌骨鸡种蛋孵化效果最佳。     

典型沙漠化地区农户对生态环境变化的感知与适应——以内蒙古自治区杭锦旗为例

沙漠化地区生态环境十分脆弱,理解农户对生态变化的感知与适应策略选择倾向对于制定科学的生态环境治理政策至关重要。采用参与式的农村评估法(PRA)对地处库布其沙漠腹地的杭锦旗不同区域农户的生态环境变化感知与适应进行了调查与对比分析。结果发现:与2000年相比,大部分农户认为当地的生态环境好转了。其中,牧区受访户对生态好转的认知度低于农区;为改善生态环境,农户在生态保护政策的引导下,采取了向二三产业转移劳动力、改变养殖模式、减少牲畜数量、抽取地下水、精耕细作等措施应对生态环境变化。除精耕细作外,牧区农户采用其他适应策略的比例均远高于农区;农户对生态环境变化的感知与适应具有区域差异性和空间层次性,农户对经济机会的响应影响着其对生态环境变化的感知与适应策略选择,并在此基础上提出了改善当地生态环境的政策建议。     

石河子绿洲农业生态经济系统结构与功能分析

从石河子绿洲农业生态经济系统的水土资源、农业种群、产业结构方面以及物质流、能量流、价值流功能进行综合分析,对于建立良好的生态结构及充分发挥农业生态系统功能提出对策.     

钙对西瓜幼苗生长、光合特性及保护性酶活性的影响

采用营养液水培方式,以‘早佳(8424)’西瓜为试材,研究了不同钙浓度水平对西瓜幼苗生长、光合特性及保护性酶活性的影响。结果表明:0和50mg/L钙处理的幼苗生长缓慢,POD、SOD活性显著高于其它处理;220mg/L处理的生长速度最快,株高最高;190mg/L处理的叶片数、植株鲜重、干重、根系长度,净光合速率Pn、气孔导度Gs、胞间CO2浓度Ci、叶绿素含量显著高于其它处理。因此,在0～220mg/L钙浓度范围内,提高营养液中钙离子浓度,可以促进植株生长,增强光合作用,增加有机物的合成与积累。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株HB-bp人工感染雏鸡的病理学观察

5周龄非免疫健康鸡人工感染传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株河北分离株HB-bp,3d后出现明显的临床症状,3～4d内死亡率达80％。法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、胸腺及腺胃有病理组织学变化,各个免疫器官和组织中均含有病毒,法氏囊内病毒含量最高,其次是脾脏。而对照组未见任何异常变化。     

Forest recovery after clear-cutting in Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis) plantations of North China

In Hebei Province of North China, forest was recovered with natural recruitment in plantations with large area of clear-cutting Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis). This study was aimed to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of recruits during the natural recruitment. Both plot survey and the spatial point-pattern analysis were performed. Five developmental stages of natural recruitment were selected and studied, including 1 year before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 years after clear-cutting. Different slope aspects were also included. Natural recruitment was always dominated by Chinese pine with a proportion of higher than 90%. For plots of 1 year before clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, recruit densities were 7886 and 5036 stems/hm2, the average heights were 0.78(±0.85) and 1.06(±1.15) m, and the average diameters at breast height(DBH) were 3.21(±1.38) and 2.91(±1.38) cm, respectively. After clear-cutting, recruit density was initially increased, then it was gradually declined with time; however, the variation of average DBH was contrary to that of recruit density. Both of them were no longer varied between 8 and 11 years after clear-cutting. The average height of recruits continued to increase after clear-cutting. For the plots of 11 years after clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, average heights of recruits reached 2.00(±1.14) and 2.24(±1.20) m, respectively. The statuses of recruits on north-facing slopes were better than those on east-facing slopes after clear-cutting. Meanwhile, recruits on east-facing slopes were always aggregated at small scales, while spatial pattern of recruits varied with time on north-facing slopes. Moreover, forest was recovered more quickly by natural recruitment than by artificial afforestation after clear-cutting. The structural diversity was higher in naturally regenerated forests than in plantations of the same age. Our results demonstrated that clear-cutting of Chinese pine plantations recovered by natural recruitment has the potential to be an effective approach for establishing multifunctional forest.     

红薯光合特征对土壤透气性的响应

通过盆栽试验研究了不同土壤质地和水分条件下红薯光合特性对土壤透气性的响应。结果表明:土壤透气性显著影响红薯叶片蒸腾速率和水分利用效率,随土壤透气性的增加,蒸腾速率显著降低,水分利用效率显著增加,红薯的光合作用不受土壤透气性的影响;透气性对红薯蒸腾和水分利用效率的影响与土壤质地有关,在沙土质地下,红薯的光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均不受透气性影响,而在壤土质地下,红薯的蒸腾速率随透气性的增加显著降低,而水分利用效率显著增加;透气性对红薯光合特性的影响与生育期有关,不同生育期内,红薯光合特征对土壤透气性的响应也不同。研究表明,在分析作物对土壤透气性的响应时,需要考虑土壤质地、水分条件和生育期的影响。     

玉米全膜双垄沟气动直插式穴播机设计与仿真

玉米全膜双垄沟播农艺技术抗旱、增产,实现其机械化膜上播种将是必然趋势。依据玉米全膜双垄沟农艺技术要求,设计了气动直插式穴播机,对作业机关键作业参数进行了设计计算,并结合STEP控制函数对其播种运动轨迹进行仿真分析。为揭示气动播种单体成穴器与种床土壤互作机理,借助ABAQUS有限元法构建了成穴器与种床土壤互作三维模型,分别获得了对应的Mises应力云图、空间位移云图和塑性应变云图。仿真结果分析表明:在相同的气动直插播种作用力下,锥形成穴器与种床土壤互作应力最大值约为1.541 MPa,是楔形成穴器与种床土壤最大值的1.39倍;在相同的载荷与分析步时间内,锥形成穴器对种床土壤作业下的最大塑性变形量约为19.35mm,楔形成穴器对种床土壤的最大塑性变形量约为12.35 mm。因此,锥形成穴器较楔形成穴器形成播种穴孔的能力及动土量效果更好。研究结果将为西北旱区玉米全膜双垄沟机械化播种装置的研发提供参考。     

宁夏回族自治区平罗县主要农作物碳足迹研究

农田碳足迹可以全面地反映农作物生产过程中各种因素引起的碳排放效应,是指导农业生产节能减排的重要指标。为探明农作物生产的碳足迹,基于宁夏回族自治区平罗县农田生产的实地调查数据,利用碳足迹的基本理论和方法,测算了该县农作物碳足迹。结果表明,水稻、玉米和小麦的碳足迹分别为1 487.56±164.59,913.03±142.99和809.75±144.99kg Ce/(hm2.a);碳成本分别为0.17±0.05,0.08±0.02g和0.12±0.03kg Ce/kg;化肥的施用量是影响碳足迹的主要因素,而水稻生产过程中灌溉水及育秧过程也是其碳足迹较高的主要原因。为了提高农田固碳减排增汇效益,应压缩水稻种植面积,扩大玉米和小麦种植,同时,建立节肥低碳高效的种植模式是实现平罗县农田节能减排的有效途径。     

黄土丘陵区人工林典型林分土壤肥力综合评价

森林土壤肥力是供给森林植物生长所需水分和养分的重要基质.运用主成分分析、相关性分析两种评价方法,研究对比不同林分类型下人工林土壤肥力状况,以期为黄土丘陵区生态公益林和森林土壤资源的科学管理提供理论依据.以内蒙古自治区清水河县公益林区内的油松(Pinus tabuliformis Carr.)、落叶松[Larix gme...